Centroleninae is one of two subfamilies of the family Centrolenidae. It has nine genera distributed in Central America from Honduras south and east to northern and central South America. As of mid 2015, it contains 117 species.
Taxonomy
Centroleninae are defined based on molecular and morphological characteristics, none of which are obvious to a naked eye. However, in several species a fighting behaviour that might be synapomorphy has been observed: males dangle by their feet and grapple venter-to-venter; amplexus-like or wrestling on leaves fighting of Hyalinobatrachinae is hypothesized to be primitive behaviour. Their sister taxon is ambiguous, it is either genus Ikakogi or subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae.
Genera
There are nine genera:
- Centrolene <small>Jiménez de la Espada, 1872</small> (29 sp.)
- Chimerella <small>Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009</small> (2 sp.)
- Cochranella <small>Taylor, 1951</small> (9 sp.)
- Espadarana <small>Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009</small> (5 sp.)
- Nymphargus <small>Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2007</small> (38 sp.)
- Rulyrana <small>Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009</small> (6 sp.)
- Sachatamia <small>Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009</small> (5 sp.)
- Teratohyla <small>Taylor, 1951</small> (5 sp.)
- Vitreorana <small>Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009</small> (10 sp.)
Several species have uncertain generic placement and are placed in Centroleninae Incertae Sedis, awaiting for more information:
- "Centrolene" acanthidiocephalum <small>(Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1989)</small>
- "Centrolene" azulae <small>(Flores and McDiarmid, 1989)</small>
- "Centrolene" guanacarum <small>Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995</small>
- "Centrolene" medemi <small>(Cochran and Goin, 1970)</small>
- "Centrolene" petrophilum <small>Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991</small>
- "Centrolene" quindianum <small>Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995</small>
- "Centrolene" robledoi <small>Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995</small>
- "Cochranella" duidaeana <small>(Ayarzagüena, 1992)</small>
- "Cochranella" euhystrix <small>(Cadle and McDiarmid, 1990)</small>
- "Cochranella" geijskesi <small>(Goin, 1966)</small>
- "Cochranella" megista <small>(Rivero, 1985)</small>
- "Cochranella" ramirezi <small>Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991</small>
- "Cochranella" riveroi <small>(Ayarzagüena, 1992)</small>
- "Cochranella" xanthocheridia <small>Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995</small>
The AmphibiaWeb includes Ikakogi <small>Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009</small> in this subfamily, whereas it is not included in any subfamily in the Amphibian Species of the World.
References