The Western Iranian languages or Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median.
Languages
The traditional Northwestern branch is a convention for non-Southwestern languages, rather than a genetic group. The languages are as follows:
Old Iranian period
The Old Iranian period languages âÂÂâÂÂconsisted of the following languages:
Middle Iranian period
The Middle Iranian period languages âÂÂâÂÂconsisted of the following languages:
Modern period (Neo-Iranian)
Glottolog proposes a detailed linguistic classification of Iranian languages, encompassing many subgroups and dialects:
Northwestern Iranian
- Adharic
- Adhari (Old Azeri)âÂÂ
- Zaza
- Northern Zaza (Kirmanjki) (Tunceli, Varto)
- Southern Zaza (Dimli) (Dumbuli, Hazzu, Kori, Motki, Sivereki)
- Tatic (Tati-Talysh)
- Alamuti
- Central Tatic (Khalkhali (Kajali, Karanic [Diz, Gandomabi, Hezarrudi Karan (Khoresh-e Rostam) Karnaq, Kelasi, Lerd, Nowkiani], Shahrudi -Southern Talysh ([Shali-Kolur, Shandermani, Southern Talysh, Massali Masulei]), Khoini, Maraghei [Dikini], North-Central Talysh (Central Talysh [Asalemi, Hashtpari], Northern Talysh [Astara, Lenkoran, Lerik], Taromic [Kabate, Kalasi, Upper Taromi],
- Northern Tatic: Harzandi-Kilit (Harzandi, Kilitâ ), Karingani-Kalasuri-Khoynarudi (Karingani, Kalasuri-Khoynarudi),
- Southern Tatic: Alviri-Vidari (Alviri, Vidari), Vafsic (Ashtiani [Amorei, Kahaki, Nuclear Ashtiani, Tafresh], Vafsi), Ramand-Karaj: Eshtehardi, Razajerdi,Takestani (Khalkhal, Kharaqani, Ramandi, Tarom, Zanjan))
- Gurani
- Gurani
- Shabaki-Bajelani (Bajelani, Chabak, Sarli)
- Balochic
- Eastern Balochi (Bugti, Kasrani, Leghari, Marri, Mazari, Upper Sindhi Balochi)
- Southern-Western Balochi
- Southern-Western Balochi-Koroshi
- Koroshi (Coastal Koroshi, Inland Koroshi)
- Southern Balochi (Coastal Balochi [Kechi, Barahuwi, Bashgaadi, Huuti Karachi Balochi Makrani], Kechi)
- Western Balochi
- Lashari (Bampuri, Iranshahr)
- Rakhshani (Kalati Balochi, Panjguri, Sarhaddi Balochi [Afghanistan Balochi, Sistani Balochi, Turkmenistan Balochi])
- Caspian
- GorganiâÂÂ
- Gilaki-Rudbari
- Gilaki
- Western Gilaki (Anzali, Fumani Rashti)
- Eastern Gilaki (Lahijani, Langerudi, Machiani)
- Galeshi
- Rudbari
- Mazandarani-Shahmirzadi
- Mazandarani (Central Caspian, Gachsari, Galeshi of Mazanderan, Nuclear Mazanderani, Velatru)
- Shahmirzadi
- Komisenian
- Lasgerdi
- Sangisari
- Sorkhei-Aftari
- Sorkhei
- Aftari
- Semnani-Biyabuneki
- Semnani
- Biyabuneki
- Central Iran-Kermanic
- Kavir (Farvi, Garme'i, Khuri, Mihrijan)
- Nuclear Central-Kermanic
- Gazic (Judeo-Esfahani, Ardestani, Gazi, Jarquya'i, Kafrudi, Kuhpa'i, Nohuji, Rudashti, Sedehi, Zefra'i)
- Judeo-Hamedani-Borujerdi (Judeo-Hamedani, Judeo-Borujerdi)
- Kashanic
- Natanzic (Abyane'i, Badi (Median), Badrudi, Bidhandi, Farizandi, Hanjani, Natanzi, Yarandi)
- Soic (Abuzaydabadi, Arani-Bidgoli, Delijani, Jowshaqani, Judeo-Kashani, Soi)
- Khunsaric (Judeo-Khomeini, Judeo-Khunsari, Khunsari, Mahallati, Vaneshani)
- Judeo-Kermani-Nayini
- Nayinic (Abchuya'i, Anarak, Keyjani, Nayini, Tudeshki)
- Zoroastrian Yazdi (Gabri [Iranian], Judeo-Yazdi-Kermani, Parsi [Zoroastrian], Zoroastrian Dari)
- Sivandi
- Laki-Kurdish
- Kurdish
- Northern Kurdish (Northern Kurmanji, Southeastern Kurmanji, Southern Kurmanji, Western Kurmanji)
- Central Kurdish (Mukri, Sine'i, Sorani)
- Southern Kurdish (Ilami, Lakic Southern Kurdish, Peripheral Kermanshahic)
- Laki
Southwestern Iranian
- Bashkardi
- Northern Bashaka (Garmsiri, North Bashkardi)
- Southern Bashaka (Garahven, Gwafr, Parmont, Pirou, Shahbavek)
- Fars dialects (Ardakani, Buringuni, Davani, Judeo-Shirazi, Kalati, Kondazi, Masarmi, Papuni, Somghuni, Xullari, Heshnizi, Gavbandi, Dashtini, Kangani, Jami, Bardesuni (Bardestani)
- Farsic-Caucasian Tat
- Caucasian
- Judeo-Tat (Central Judeo-Tat, Northern Judeo-Tat, Southern Judeo-Tat)
- Muslim Tat (Absheron, MÃÂdrÃÂsÃÂ, Northern Muslim Tat, Ã
Âirvan Muslim Tat, Xñzñ)
- Farsic
- Eastern Farsi (Aimaq, Dari, Dehwari, Hazaragi, Pahlavani)
- Tajikic
- Bukharic
- Tajik (Badakhshan, Darwazi, Derbent, Goron, Hissar, Tajik, Karatag, Kuljub, Lyuli, Matchin, Vaxio-Bolo)
- Judeo-Persian
- Persian (Western Farsi)
- Central Persian (Esfahani, Kermani Persian)
- Eastern Persian (Khorasan Persian, Sistani Persian)
- Northern Persian (Tehrani, Araki (Iran), Gorgani Persian, Karbalai, Kermanshahi Persian, Ketabi (Literary), Mahalati Malayeri, Perso-Tabaric [Damavandi, Lower Jajrudi, Shemiran, Taleqan-Karaj], Qazvini Persian, Qomi Persian, Savei)
- Southern Persian (Bandari [Bandar Abbasi, Hajiab, Khamiri, Lengei, Qeshmi], Bushehri [Bahraini, Dashtestani, Dashti, Jami, Nuclear Bushehri, Tangestani], Fars Persian [Abadei, Basseri, Jahromi, Kazeruni, Old Shirazi, Shirazi], Khuzestani [Abadani, Ahvazi, Behbahani, Ramhormozi])
- Luric-Dezfulic
- Dezfuli-Shushtari
- Dezfuli
- Shushtari
- Luric
- Bakhtiari-Southern Luri
- Bakhtiari (Charlang, Chelgerd, Haft-Lang, Kuhrang)
- Southern Luri (Boyerahmadi, Kohgiluyeh, Mamasani, Shuli, Yasuji)
- Northern Luri (Andimeshki, Bala-Gariva'i, Borujerdi, Cagani ,Khorramabadi, Mahali (Iran), Nahavandi)
There is also a recently described, and as yet unclassified, Batu'i language that is presumably Western Iranian. Extinct Deilami is sometimes classified in the Caspian branch. An Iranian Khalaj language has been claimed, but does not exist; the Khalaj speak a Turkic language.
Many of the languages and dialects spoken in Markazi and Isfahan provinces are giving way to Persian in the younger generations.
It is to note that the Caspian languages (incl. Adharic), the central dialects, Zaza and Gorani languages are likely descended from a later form of Median with varying amounts of Parthian substrata, whereas the Semnani languages were likely descended from Parthian.
See also
References
Bibliography
- Pierre Lecoq. 1989. "Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord-ouest de l'Iran," Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, ed. Rüdiger Schmitt. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert Verlag, 1989; p. 99.
Further reading