The Central District of Birjand County () is in South Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Birjand.
After the 2016 National Census, Shakhen and Shakhenat Rural Districts were separated from the district in the establishment of Shakhenat District.
At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 196,834 in 52,986 households. The following census in 2011 counted 230,487 people in 63,949 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 261,324 inhabitants in 74,657 households.