Catoscopium is a genus of haplolepidous mosses (Dicranidae) in the monotypic family Catoscopiaceae and order Catoscopiales. It contains only a single species, Catoscopium nigritum.
The family Catoscopiaceae has traditionally been considered part order Bryales. However, phylogenetic analyses have found Catoscopium to be the earliest branching group in Dicranidae, as part of a grade of protohaplolepidous lineages. Catoscopiaceae is placed in the monotypic order Catoscopiales.