Catolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Rhizocarpaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Catolechia wahlenbergii. The genus was circumscribed by the German botanist Julius von Flotow in 1850. He did not assign a type species for the genus; Catolechia pulchella was designated as the type by Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855. This species is synonymous with Catolechia wahlenbergii.
Several species that were originally described as a member of Catolechia have since been transferred to other genera. Examples include:
In Nepal, Catolechia wahlenbergii has been reported at 4,500 m elevation in a compilation of published records; this reported range lies above the tree line used in the study.