Michaà  Kazimierz Ogià Âski ( â ) was a Polish nobleman, politician, musician, composer and military officer.
He began his political career at the age of 18, when he became the Field Writer of Lithuania, a mid-level position in the administration of the State. In 1764 he became one of Russia's candidates for the Polish throne. When Stanisà Âaw August Poniatowski was chosen instead, he was made Palatine (or Voïvode) of Vilnius. In 1768 he was nominated to the rank of the Grand Hetman of Lithuania, thus becoming one of two highest-ranking military commanders in the PolishâÂÂLithuanian state. He later joined the anti-Russian Bar Confederation. After some initial successes, he was defeated in September 1771 by the Russian forces under Alexander Suvorov in the Battle of Stoà Âowicze, forcing him into exile, notably in Paris between 1772 and 1774, and his properties were confiscated. He was allowed to return in 1774, and three years later Russia returned some of his properties to him. During the Great Sejm of 1788–1791, Ogià Âski was a member of the Patriotic Party. However, following the defeat of his faction in the PolishâÂÂRussian War of 1792, he resigned his post and retired to his family manor in Sà Âonim.
Apart from his political and military career, he was a noted engineer and musician. He helped to establish the Pià ÂskâÂÂVolhynia road, the arsenal in Vilnius, and the Oginski Canal, which joined the watersheds of the Neman and Dnieper rivers (1765-1784). He also founded numerous factories and foundries in the lands belonging to his family. He was also a noted musician and composer, as well as a benefactor of artists. At his court in Sà Âonim he held two theater groups (Italian and Polish), a printing house and orchestra. He also modified the design of the harp and wrote several musical compositions. He was among two Polish scholars (alongside Jan Szczepan Kurdwanowski) who contributed to the French Encyclopédie. He was a cousin of Andrzej Ignacy, the father of composer Michaà  Kleofas Ogià Âski, and it is possible that many of the polonaises composed by him can be attributed to Michaà  Kazimierz, including the famous Farewell to My Homeland.
Michaà  Kazimierz Ogià Âski was the first owner of Rembrandt's painting The Polish Rider.
He was the author of literary works published under the pseudonym SÃ Âonimski.
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