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Carditidae

Carditidae is a family of marine bivalve clams of the order Carditida, which was long included in the Venerida. They are the type taxon of the superfamily Carditoidea.

Carditidae is a neglected and poorly classified family. It has six subfamilies recognised by the World Register of Marine Species, but the WoRMS has refrained from assigning contents to any family due to ambiguity and overlap in their definitions. Additionally, several genera have been or are still considered subgenera of other genera by some authors.

Genera

The genera of Carditidae recognised by the World Register of Marine Species are:

Synonyms:

  • Arcturella <small>Chavan, 1941</small> is a junior synonym of Arcturellina. It is not to be confused with Arcturella <small>Sars, 1879</small>, which is a junior synonym of the isopod genus Astacilla.
  • Azarella is a junior synonym of Beguina.
  • Agaria, Cardiocardites [sic] and Divergidens are junior synonyms of Cardiocardita.
  • Actinobolus <small>Mörch, 1853</small> is a junior synonym of Cardites. It is not to be confused with the rhinoceros beetle genus Actinobolus <small>Westwood, 1842</small>.
  • Ceropsis <small>Dall, 1871</small> is a junior synonym of Milneria. It should not be confused with the true weevil genus Ceropsis.
  • Miodon <small>Carpenter, 1863</small> is a junior synonym of Miodontiscus. It should not be confused with Miodon <small>Duméril, 1859</small>, which is a junior synonym of the mole viper genus Polemon.

Notes:

  • In some classifications, Bathycardita is a subgenus of Cardiocardita.
  • In some classifications, Centrocardita is a subgenus of Glans.
  • In some classifications, Claibornicardia is a subgenus of either Glyptoactis or Venericardia.
  • In some classifications, Vimentum is a subgenus of Cyclocardia.
  • In some classifications prior to the 2000s, Carditella was included in Carditidae, but it has since been moved to Condylocardiidae, along with its former junior synonym/subgenus (now independent genus) Carditellona.
  • Increasingly in several 2010s classifications, the subgenus Venericardia (†Baluchicardia) <small>Rutsch and Schenck 1943</small> is considered an independent genus.

Subfamilies

Chavan, 1969

The original six-subfamily system was first proposed by Chavan in 1969, contain the following genera (some of which are now synonyms or classified in other families):

Carditamerinae <small>Chavan, 1969</small>

Carditesinae <small>Chavan, 1969</small>

Carditinae <small>Férussac, 1822</small>

Miodomeridinae <small>Chavan, 1969</small>

Thecaliinae <small>Dall, 1903</small>

Venericardiinae <small>Chavan, 1969</small>

Perez, 2019

In 2019, D. E. Pérez proposed a seven-subfamily system for Carditidae.

Carditamerinae

Carditinae

Miodomeridinae

Palaeocarditinae <small>Chavan, 1969</small>

Scalaricarditinae <small>Pérez, 2019</small>

Thecaliinae

Venericardiinae

<nowiki>*</nowiki> = not yet recognised by the World Register of Marine Species.

In addition, Pérez proposed possible affiliations for the genera not included in his subfamilies:

In some classifications prior to the 2000s, Carditidae used to contain a seventh subfamily Carditellinae, until it was reallocated to Condylocardiidae.

References