Cardiocondyla is an Old World genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae.
Distribution
Approximately 90 species are currently recognized as belonging to this genus, most of which are distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics, but a few of which occur in the temperate zone. Some species are also found widely separated in North America and the Pacific Islands, as a result of human introduction.
Description
Several species of this genus have a striking male polymorphism, with both winged and wingless forms. These males differ not only in morphology, but also in reproductive tactics. Closely related genera are Leptothorax, Stereomyrmex and Romblonella.
Outbreeding
Cardiocondyla elegans worker ants transport young queen ants to alien nests to promote outbreeding. This allows avoidance of inbreeding depression. The worker ants, sisters of these queens, may transport the queens several meters from their natal nest and drop them off at another, alien nest to promote outbreeding with wingless stationary males in a process somewhat analogous to third party matchmaking in humans. After mating during the winter, the sexual females may depart in the spring and find their own colonies.
Species
Extant
- Cardiocondyla allonivalis <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla argentea <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla argyrotricha <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla atalanta <small>Forel, 1915</small>
- Cardiocondyla batesii <small>Forel, 1894</small>
- Cardiocondyla brachyceps <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla britteni <small>Crawley, 1920</small>
- Cardiocondyla bulgarica <small>Forel, 1892</small>
- Cardiocondyla carbonaria <small>Forel, 1907</small>
- Cardiocondyla caspiense <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla compressa <small>Seifert, 2017</small>
- Cardiocondyla cristata <small>(Santschi, 1912)</small>
- Cardiocondyla dalmatica <small>Soudek, 1925</small>
- Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla elegans <small>Emery, 1869</small>
- Cardiocondyla emeryi <small>Forel, 1881</small>
- Cardiocondyla excavata <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla fajumensis <small>Forel, 1913</small>
- Cardiocondyla gallagheri <small>Collingwood & Agosti, 1996</small>
- Cardiocondyla gallilaeica <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla gibbosa <small>Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927</small>
- Cardiocondyla goa <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla goroka <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla hashemi <small>Sharaf, 2024</small>
- Cardiocondyla heinzei <small>Seifert, 2024</small>
- Cardiocondyla insutura <small>Zhou, 2001</small>
- Cardiocondyla israelica <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla itsukii <small>Seifert et al., 2017</small>
- Cardiocondyla jacquemini <small>Bernard, 1953</small>
- Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi <small>Terayama, 1999</small>
- Cardiocondyla kazanensis <small>Terayama, 2013</small>
- Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi <small>Ruzsky, 1902</small>
- Cardiocondyla kushanica <small>Pisarski, 1967</small>
- Cardiocondyla latifrons <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla littoralis <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla longiceps <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla longinoda <small>Rigato, 2002</small>
- Cardiocondyla luciae <small>Rigato, 2002</small>
- Cardiocondyla mauritanica <small>Forel, 1890</small>
- Cardiocondyla melana <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla micropila <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla minutior <small>Forel, 1899</small>
- Cardiocondyla monardi <small>Santschi, 1930</small>
- Cardiocondyla nana <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla neferka <small>Bolton, 1982</small>
- Cardiocondyla nigra <small>Forel, 1905</small>
- Cardiocondyla nigrocerea <small>Karavaiev, 1935</small>
- Cardiocondyla nivalis <small>Mann, 1919</small>
- Cardiocondyla nuda <small>(Mayr, 1866)</small>
- Cardiocondyla obscurior <small>Wheeler, 1929</small>
- Cardiocondyla opaca <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla opistopsis <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla papuana <small>(Reiskind, 1965)</small>
- Cardiocondyla paradoxa <small>Emery, 1897</small>
- Cardiocondyla paranuda <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla parvinoda <small>Forel, 1902</small>
- Cardiocondyla persiana <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla pirata <small>Seifert & Frohschammer, 2013</small>
- Cardiocondyla rolandi <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla rugulosa <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla sahlbergi <small>Forel, 1913</small>
- Cardiocondyla schulzi <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla sekhemka <small>Bolton, 1982</small>
- Cardiocondyla semiargentea <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla semirubra <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla shagrinata <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla shuckardi <small>Forel, 1891</small>
- Cardiocondyla sima <small>Wheeler, 1935</small>
- Cardiocondyla stambuloffii <small>Forel, 1892</small>
- Cardiocondyla strigifrons <small>Viehmeyer, 1922</small>
- Cardiocondyla subspina <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla sulcata <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla tenuifrons <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla thoracica <small>(Smith, 1859)</small>
- Cardiocondyla tibetana <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla tiwarii <small>Ghosh, Sheela & Kundu, 2005</small>
- Cardiocondyla tjibodana <small>Karavaiev, 1935</small>
- Cardiocondyla ulianini <small>Emery, 1889</small>
- Cardiocondyla unicalis <small>Seifert, 2003</small>
- Cardiocondyla venustula <small>Wheeler, 1908</small>
- Cardiocondyla verdensis <small>Seifert, 2023</small>
- Cardiocondyla weserka <small>Bolton, 1982</small>
- Cardiocondyla wheeleri <small>Viehmeyer, 1914</small>
- Cardiocondyla wroughtonii <small>(Forel, 1890)</small>
- Cardiocondyla yemeni <small>Collingwood & Agosti, 1996</small>
- Cardiocondyla yoruba <small>Rigato, 2002</small>
- Cardiocondyla zoserka <small>Bolton, 1982</small>
Extinct
Unidentifiable
One species in the genus has been noted to be unidentifiable to species level as its descriptions was lost or too vague and the type specimens lost, although it theoretically remains a valid binomen. It is listed below.
References
External links