Caprovesposus is an extinct, prehistoric surgeonfish that inhabited the Paratethys Sea from the Oligocene to Middle Miocene. It is known from a two species, both known from what is now the North Caucasus, Russia. The two described species are â C. parvus <small>Daniltshenko, 1960</small> from the Early Oligocene, and â C. daniltshenkoi <small>Bannikov, Tyler & Tyler, 2025</small> from the Early or Middle Miocene. Potential specimens are known from the Miocene of Egypt, but these are poorly preserved and this attribution is uncertain. Potential undescribed specimens are also known as far back as the Middle Eocene.
Known from very small fossils (up to 3 centimeters in length), it was initially described as a boarfish, but later studies found it to represent a pelagic larval (acronurus) or juvenile stage of a surgeonfish. The adult form is, as yet, unknown.