Cankuzo was one of the provinces of Burundi. Located in the eastern part of the country, the province covered an area of 1,965 km. The provincial capital was Cankuzo. It was Burundi's least populated province. In 2025, it became part of the new province of Buhumuza.
Cankuzo Province was in the east of Burundi, bordered by Tanzania to the northeast and southeast. It was southeast of Muyinga Province, east of Karuzi Province and northeast of Ruyigi Province. The south east of Cankuzo Province is in the Kumoso natural region, and the rest of the province is in the Buyogoma natural region.
Cankuzo Province was divided into five communes; each governed by an elected 25-member council.
Direct Communal and National Assembly elections were held throughout Burundi on 3 June and 4 July 2005, respectively.