Canada competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. Canadian athletes won three gold, three silver, and ten bronze medals.
The Canadian Olympic Committee was established to select athletes for the 1908 Summer Olympics, when the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union and the Amateur Athletic Federation of Canada had unsettled differences. YMCA executive J. Howard Crocker assisted the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union in arranging regional and national trials to select Olympic athletes. He was subsequently appointed manager of the national team for Canada in 1908, which was first national team organized despite that individuals had competed on behalf of Canada in prior Summer Olympics.
In response to Tom Longboat's poor performance in the marathon, J. Howard Crocker reported that Longboat was likely "doped", explaining his collapse and subsequent condition. This was subsequently probed by the Canadian Olympic Committee, with Crocker testifying.
Canada's best cycling result was a bronze medal won in the team pursuit.
Canada's lone épéeist was eliminated in the first round
Canada won the only lacrosse match played in 1908 against Great Britain, earning the gold medal.