The government of Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo was formed on 27 February 1981, following the latter's election as prime minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 25 February and his swearing-in on 26 February, as a result of Adolfo Suárez's resignation from the post on 29 January 1981. It succeeded the third Suárez government and was the government of Spain from 27 February 1981 to 3 December 1982, a total of days, or .
Calvo-Sotelo's cabinet was composed mainly by members of the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) and a number of independents. It was automatically dismissed on 29 October 1982 as a consequence of the 1982 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister and 15 ministries. From December 1981, the council would include two deputy prime ministers and a deputy ministry to the Prime Minister, without portfolio. From July 1982, the council would only include one deputy prime minister and the abolition of the deputy ministry to the Prime Minister.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo's government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.