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Biblidinae

Biblidinae is a subfamily of nymphalid butterflies that includes the tropical brushfoots. This subfamily was sometimes merged within the Limenitidinae, but they are now recognized as quite distinct lineages. In older literature, this subfamily is sometimes called Eurytelinae.

As of 2008, some 340 valid species are in this subfamily, placed in 38 genera. Most species of Biblidinae are Neotropical, but there are some Old World species and genera in the tribes Biblidini and Epicaliini.

Systematics

The Biblidinae are a taxonomically stable monophyletic group, at least since the "wastebin genus" Catagramma was dismantled around 1950.

The tribes, in the presumed phylogenetic sequence and with notable genera also listed here, are:

Biblidini <small>Boisduval, 1833</small>

  • Biblis <small>Fabricius, 1807</small> (= Zonaga)
  • Ariadne <small>Horsfield, 1829</small> (= Ergolis)
  • Laringa <small>Moore, 1901</small>
  • Eurytela <small>Boisduval, 1833</small>
  • Neptidopsis <small>Aurivillius, 1898</small>
  • Mesoxantha <small>Aurivillius, 1898</small>
  • Byblia <small>Hübner, 1819</small> (= Hypanis <small>Boisduval, 1833 (non Pander in Menetries, 1832: preoccupied)</small>)
  • Mestra <small>Hübner, 1825</small> (= Cystineura)
  • Archimestra <small>Munroe, 1949</small>
  • Vila <small>Kirby, 1871</small> (= Lonia, Neptis <small>Hübner, 1819 (non Fabricius, 1807: preoccupied)</small>, Olina <small>Doubleday, 1848 (non Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: preoccupied)</small>)

Epicaliini <small>Guenée, 1865</small>

  • Catonephele <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
  • Nessaea <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
  • Myscelia <small>Doubleday, 1844</small> (= Sagaritis <small>Hübner, 1821 (non Billberg, 1820: preoccupied)</small>, Sea)
  • Sevenia <small>Koçak, 1996</small> (= Crenis <small>Boisduval, 1833 (non Hübner, 1821: preoccupied)</small>, Sallya <small>Hemming, 1964 (non Yochelson, 1956: preoccupied)</small>)
  • Eunica <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
  • Cybdelis <small>Boisduval, 1836</small>

Ageroniini <small>Doubleday, 1847</small>

  • Hamadryas &ndash; cracker butterflies, calico butterflies
  • Ectima <small>Doubleday, 1848</small>
  • Panacea <small>Godman & Salvin, 1883</small> (= Pandora <small>Doubleday, 1848 (non Lamarck, 1799: preoccupied)</small>)
  • Batesia <small>Felder & Felder, 1862</small>

Epiphilini <small>Jenkins, 1987</small>

  • Asterope <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
  • Pyrrhogyra <small>Hübner, 1819</small> (= Corybas)
  • Epiphile <small>Doubleday, 1844</small>
  • Lucinia <small>Hübner, 1823</small> (= Autodea)
  • Bolboneura <small>Godman & Salvin, 1877</small>
  • Temenis <small>Hübner, 1819</small> (= Callicorina, Paromia <small>Hewitson, 1861 (non Westwood, 1851: preoccupied)</small>)
  • Nica <small>Hübner, 1826</small> (= Pseudonica)
  • Peria <small>Kirby, 1871</small> (= Pelia <small>Doubleday, 1849 (non Bell, 1836: preoccupied)</small>)

Eubagini <small>Burmeister, 1878</small>

  • Dynamine <small>Hübner, 1819</small> (= Arisba, Eubagis, Sironia)

Callicorini <small>Orfila, 1952</small> &ndash; eighty-eights and relatives

  • Diaethria <small>Billberg, 1820</small>
  • Callicore <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
  • Perisama <small>Doubleday, 1849</small> (= Orophila)
  • Antigonis <small>Felder, 1861</small> (= Lincoya)
  • Haematera <small>Doubleday, 1849</small> (= Callidula)
  • Catacore <small>Dillon, 1948</small>

References

Sources

  • Hill, R. I., Penz, C. M., & DeVries, P. J. (2002). Phylogenetic analysis and review of Panacea and Batesia butterflies (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 56, 199-215.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1983). Neotropical Nymphalidae. I. Revision of Hamadryas. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 81, 1-146.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1984). Neotropical Nymphalidae. II. Revision of Myscelia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville), 87, 1-64.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. III. Revision of Catonephele. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology, 92, 1-65.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. IV. Revision of Ectima. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville), 95, 1-30.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1986). Neotropical Nymphalidae. V. Revision of Epiphile. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville), 101, 1-70.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1987). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VI. Revision of Asterope (=Callithea Auct.). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology, 114, 1-66.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1989). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VII. Revision of Nessaea. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville), 125, 1-38.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1990). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VIII. Revision of Eunica. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 131, 1-177.

External links