The second government of Jafar Sharif Emami () was one of the last governments of the Pahlavi dynasty, which operated from September 1978 to November 1978. The head of this government was Jafar Sharif-Emami. The Sharif Emami government was impeached by the parliament on 29 November 1978, but received a vote of confidence.
He decided to appoint Jafar Sharif-Emami to the post of prime minister, himself a veteran prime minister. Emami was chosen due to his family ties to the clergy, although he had a reputation of corruption during his previous premiership.
On 29 September 1978, Sharif Emami was elected Prime Minister and introduced his cabinet to the Shah on the same date and to the Islamic Consultative Assembly on 25 September 1978. The National Consultative Assembly gave his government a vote of confidence on 25 September 1978, with 177 votes out of 200.
Under the Shah's guidance, Sharif-Emami effectively began a policy of "appeasing the opposition's demands before they even made them." The government abolished the Rastakhiz Party, legalized all political parties and released political prisoners, increased freedom of expression, curtailed SAVAK's authority and dismissed 34 of its commanders, closed down casinos and nightclubs, and abolished the imperial calendar. The government also began to prosecute corrupt government and royal family members. Sharif-Emami entered into negotiations with Shariatmadari and National Front leader Karim Sanjabi to help organize future elections. Censorship was effectively terminated, and the newspapers began reporting heavily on demonstrations, often highly critically and negatively of the Shah. The Majlis (Parliament) also began issuing resolutions against the government.
Amidst the growing crisis, Sharif-Emami resigned on 5 November 1978, and was succeeded by General Gholam Reza Azhari, who formed a military government in an attempt to restore order.
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