Brazil competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 93 competitors, 86 men and 7 women, took part in 48 events in 12 sports. Brazilians athletes obtained two bronze medals, repeating the same performance of the 1972 Summer Olympics. The sailors, Reinaldo Conrad and Peter Ficker, won the medal in Flying Dutchman. It was the second bronze medal conquered by Reinaldo Conrad after the 1968 Olympics. The jumper João Carlos de Oliveira won the medal in men's triple jump. He was the current record holder from altitude at the 1975 Pan American Games in Mexico City. The winner was two time defending champion Viktor Saneyev from Soviet Union.
One male fencer represented Brazil in 1976.
<small>Ranks given are within the pool.</small>
Head coaches: Paulo Sevciuc and Carlos Souto