Brazil competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. 81 competitors, 78 men and 3 women, took part in 44 events in 13 sports. Brazil obtained two bronze medals in 1972. Japanese Brazilian judoka Chiaki Ishii won Brazil's first Olympic medal in judo. Triple jumper Nelson Prudêncio won his second medal in men's triple jump.
The top two teams from each group advance to the semifinals, while the remaining teams compete for 5th through 16th places in separate brackets.
Two cyclists represented Brazil in 1972.
Four male shooters represented Brazil in 1972.