Brazil competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. 97 competitors, 92 men and 5 women, took part in 51 events in 14 sports. Brazil won three medals at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Brazil won its first gold medal since its debut at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Adhemar Ferreira da Silva won the men's triple jump. Adhemar broke the Olympic record four times and the world record twice in the event. Gold medal favorite and incumbent world recorder Adhemar broke the record for the first time in his second jump, with 16.12m. In the fifth, the Brazilian reached his best mark, 16.22m, a new world mark, 24 cm ahead of the Soviet Leonid Shcherbakov, who won the silver medal.
José Telles da Conceição won the bronze medal in men's high jump with a jump of 1,98 m; together with the gold medal won by Adhemar, those were the first medals won by Brazilians at Athletics in the Olympic Games.
Tetsuo Okamoto became the first Brazilian swimmer to win an Olympic medal, the bronze at the men's 1500 metre freestyle.
The top two teams in each quarterfinals advanced to the semifinals. The other two teams in each quarterfinals played in the fifth through eighth place classification.
Five fencers, all men, represented Brazil in 1952.
Three male pentathletes represented Brazil in 1952.
Brazil had three male rowers participate in one out of seven rowing events in 1952.
Eight shooters represented Brazil in 1952.