In mathematics, a function of bounded deformation is a function whose distributional derivatives are not quite well-behaved-enough to qualify as functions of bounded variation, although the symmetric part of the derivative matrix does meet that condition. Thought of as deformations of elasto-plastic bodies, functions of bounded deformation play a major role in the mathematical study of materials, e.g. the Francfort-Marigo model of brittle crack evolution.
More precisely, given an open subset Ω of R<sup>n</sup>, a function u : Ω → R<sup>n</sup> is said to be of bounded deformation if the symmetrized gradient ε(u) of u,
is a bounded, symmetric n × n matrix-valued Radon measure. The collection of all functions of bounded deformation is denoted BD(Ω; R<sup>n</sup>), or simply BD, introduced essentially by P.-M. Suquet in 1978. BD is a strictly larger space than the space BV of functions of bounded variation.
One can show that if u is of bounded deformation then the measure ε(u) can be decomposed into three parts: one absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure, denoted e(u) dx; a jump part, supported on a rectifiable (n − 1)-dimensional set J<sub>u</sub> of points where u has two different approximate limits u<sub>+</sub> and u<sub>−</sub>, together with a normal vector ν<sub>u</sub>; and a "Cantor part", which vanishes on Borel sets of finite H<sup>n−1</sup>-measure (where H<sup>k</sup> denotes k-dimensional Hausdorff measure).
A function u is said to be of special bounded deformation if the Cantor part of ε(u) vanishes, so that the measure can be written as
where H<sup> n−1</sup> | J<sub>u</sub> denotes H<sup> n−1</sup> on the jump set J<sub>u</sub> and denotes the symmetrized dyadic product:
The collection of all functions of special bounded deformation is denoted SBD(Ω; R<sup>n</sup>), or simply SBD.