Bolesà Âaw I of Masovia (; 1208 â ca. 25 February 1248), was Polish prince member of the Polish House of Piast, Duke of Sandomierz (only a part) during 1229âÂÂ1232, Duke of Dobrzyà  during 1233-1247 and Duke over whole Masovia during 1247âÂÂ1248.
He was the second son of Konrad I of Masovia and Agafia of Rus. He was probably named after his great-grandfather, Bolesà Âaw III Wrymouth. The death of his older brother Przemysà  in 1228 left him as the eldest surviving child of his family.
From a young age, Bolesà Âaw I became part of the ambitious political projects of his father. In 1227, after the assassination of the High Duke of Poland Leszek I the White, he accompanied his father to Lesser Poland to participate in negotiations on the succession with his widow Grzymisà Âawa. In view of the failure of the talks, Bolesà Âaw I received from his father the stronghold of Dobrzyà  nad Wisà Âàuntil 1229, when Konrad I finally forced Grzymisà Âawa to surrender to Bolesà Âaw I a part of the Duchy of Sandomierz, the district of Radom. Immediately, Bolesà Âaw gave Dobrzyà  nad Wisà Âàto his youngest brother, Siemowit I.
In 1231, Bolesà Âaw I became involved with his father and brothers in the installation of the Teutonic Knights in the region of Cheà Âmno Land. At the same time, he supported his father in the war to conquer Kraków, after the death of Wà Âadysà Âaw III Spindleshanks in 1231. However, the quick intervention of Henry I the Bearded (High Duke of Poland from 1232 to 1238) and the invasion of Masovia by Prussians forced to Konrad I to abandon his plans; in addition, Henry I was able to take control of the entire Duchy of Sandomierz.
To compensate for the loss of the Duchy of Sandomierz, Konrad I offered his son parts of Masovia, with the district of Sieradz as the capital. Nevertheless, Konrad I retained control of foreign policy and of the army.
In 1234, Boleslaw received the north of Masovia of the Vistula and Bug Rivers in exchange for the region of Sieradz (who was strategically most closer to Lesser Poland and thus being more important for his father in his fights for the throne of Kraków), while his other brother Casimir I received Kujawy. This distribution of lands must be only temporary, because it was implicit that after the death of their father, the three surviving brothers (Bolesà Âaw I, Casimir I and Siemowit I) had to make a new equitable re-distribution of the lands.
In subsequent years, Bolesà Âaw I attacked his Prussian and Russian neighbors. He supported the Order of Dobrzyà  and in 1238 he took part in the war against Daniel of Halych and Mindaugas of Lithuania.
In 1241, after the death of his father-in-law Henry II the Pious at the Battle of Legnica, Bolesà Âaw I supported his father's military seizure of Kraków, who this time was able to conquer the Seniorate. His rule lasted only two years, until the Battle of Suchodoà Ây on 25 May 1243, when Konrad I was defeated and forced to retire to Sieradz.
With the death of Konrad I on 31 August 1247, new horizons opened for Bolesà Âaw I. In his father's will, he received most of Masovia; shortly after, he had to face an attack of his brother Casimir I, because he was dissatisfied with his portion of their paternal inheritance. However, before the open war began, Bolesà Âaw I died unexpectedly during the spring of 1248 (probably around 25 February).
By 1232 Bolesà Âaw I married firstly with Gertrude (1218/20 â 23/30 April 1244/47), daughter of Henry II the Pious. They had no children.
Between 1245 and July 1247, Bolesà Âaw I married secondly with his first cousin once removed Anastasia, daughter of Alexander Vsevolodich, Prince of Bielsk (in turn a son of Vsevolod Mstislavich, Prince of Volhynia and Bielsk). They had no children. After her husband's death, she remarried with a Hungarian magnate called Demetri, probably member of the Aba family.
With no offspring from any of his marriages, in his will Bolesà Âaw I bequeathed all his possessions to his younger brother Siemowit I. This however annoyed Casimir I, and soon the war continued between the surviving brothers.