Bo Gunnar Almqvist (5 May 1931 â 9 November 2013) was a Swedish academic and folklorist.
Bo Gunnar Almqvist was born on 5 May 1931 in Edsgatan, a small community in Alster, a farming district in the province of Värmland, Sweden, an area noted for its old customs and traditions. He was the youngest child, born eleven years after his siblings, in the family of two sons and three daughters of Oskar Almqvist, a 'landfiskal', effectively the police superintendent of the rural area, and Hulda Almqvist (née Rydberg). Oskar Almqvist died when Bo was fourteen and mother and son moved to the town of Karlstad, where he attended Karlstad Läroverk, the local secondary school. Hulda Almqvist worked for a time in her family's hat making business. She had a remarkable repertoire of traditional proverbs to be used on any occasion, and her knowledge of folklife crafts and calendar customs deepened her son's interest in the folkways and oral culture of his native region.
In 1950 Bo entered Uppsala University to study Nordic languages and literature, along with English. He was also intrigued by Irish scholarship and took lessons in the Irish language from CaoimhÃÂn àDanachair, a visiting professor in Irish studies (1952âÂÂ3). Dag Strömbäck, professor of folklore at Uppsala, became a lifelong friend and greatly influenced Almqvist's choice of career. Almqvist developed a great interest in, and knowledge of, comparative philology and historical linguistics. After graduating from Uppsala in 1954, he spent a year on a scholarship in ReykjavÃÂk studying Icelandic language and literature.
On his return to Sweden, a year of compulsory military service, though mostly spent as an attendant in military archives, was far from enjoyable, and Almqvist was glad to return to Iceland in 1956 as a lecturer in Swedish. In 1959 he was awarded one of the first B.Phil. degrees of the University of Iceland (Baccalaureatus Philologiæ Islandicæ). Almqvist returned to work in 1960 to the folklore department in Uppsala University, as docent (1965âÂÂ7) and acting professor (1967âÂÂ9). He successfully defended his doctoral thesis in Uppsala, and ' was eventually published in two volumes, in 1965 and 1972. His findings, on the magical power of satire and attitudes to manliness in Old Icelandic poetry, were regarded as a major contribution to the study of Old Norse literature and to ethnography.
From 1953, when he attended a summer school in UCD, Almqvist spent months at a time doing fieldwork in Ireland, especially in Dunquin and Dingle, County Kerry. He collected many traditional stories and hundreds of proverbs from his informants, such as his longtime friend Michéal àGaoithÃÂn, son of Peig Sayers, and Cáit âÂÂBabâ Feiritéar, collecting them. Dunquin locals nicknamed him 'An Lochlannach' ('The Viking'). In 1972 he moved to Ireland permanently to take up positions as professor of folklore in UCD and director of the Irish Folklore Archive (later the National Folklore Collection) ( in Irish).
Fluent in Irish and the Nordic languages, and also in English, French and German, Almqvist was able to compare and contrast folklore and literature across several traditions, drawing on linguistic clues and on fieldwork undertaken in Scotland and Nordic countries as well as Ireland. His wide knowledge was evident in over ninety published articles and several books. His scholarly reputation and European perspective underpinned the development of the study of folklore as an academic discipline in Ireland through the introduction of new courses and inspiring fieldwork, and his influence hastened the disappearance of the rather parochial attitude to Irish tradition evident in some earlier studies. From 1968 he was a member of the editorial board of Tidskrift for Nordisk folkeminneforskning (later Scandinavian Yearbook of Folklore).
In his long involvement with Béaloideas, the journal of the Folklore of Ireland Society, he monitored and encouraged study of all aspects of Irish and comparative folklife studies. He was editor of Béaloideas in 1971âÂÂ3 and 1977âÂÂ9, advisory editor from 1981, and from 1972 general editor of the publications of Comhairle Bhéaloideas ÃÂireann. He also wrote a history of the Irish Folklore Commission (1979). Almqvist trained most of the folklore scholars of the next generation. His influence on them and popularity with international colleagues was evident in two festschriften, Viking ale (1991) a collection of his own major articles published to honour his sixtieth birthday, and Northern lights (2001) for his seventieth. Collaborative publications included material recorded from Peig Sayers (I will speak to you all (2009)). Almqvist was a member of the Royal Irish Academy (elected 1981) and of the Swedish Kungliga Gustav Adolfs Akademien, as well as other learned societies.
Almqvist also had a notable interest in philology and comparative literature; his enthusiasm for tracing the not always obvious connections between medieval literature and contemporary folklore led to the introduction of a new course in UCD. One of his students on that course was ÃÂilÃÂs NÃÂ Dhuibhne, a writer and folklorist. She and Almqvist married years later in 1982 after his first marriage ended, and they had two sons, Ragnar and Olaf. Ragnar Almqvist is currently the Ambassador of Ireland to Hungary. Almqvist's first marriage, in Iceland, had been to Jane Houston (died 2018), an American textile artist and photographer, who became an expert on traditional Irish white embroidery; they had one daughter, Marja.
After a short illness, Bo Almqvist died on 9 November 2013 in Loughlinstown Hospital, Dublin. His funeral was from the Church of our Lady Seat of Wisdom, Belfield, to Mount Jerome crematorium.
Norrön niddiktning. Vol. 1 Nid mot furstar. Vol. 2 Nid mot missionärer. (Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell, 1965, 1972).
'The Uglier Foot (AT 1559B*). An Anecdote in Old Icelandic Literature and Its Counterpart in Irish Folk Tradition' Béaloideas 27âÂÂ28 (1973) 1âÂÂ58 (first published in Swedish in Scripta Islandica 17 (1966)).
(with David Greene (eds.)), Proceedings of the Seventh Viking Congress. Dublin 15âÂÂ21 August 1973. (London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1976).
An Béaloideas agus an LitrÃÂocht. (Baile an Fheirtéaraigh, Co. ChiarraÃÂ, Ireland : Cló Dhuibhne, 1977).
âÂÂThe Irish Folklore Commission. Achievement and Legacyâ Béaloideas 45âÂÂ47 (1977âÂÂ79) 6âÂÂ26.
âÂÂScandinavian and Celtic Folklore Contacts in the Earldom of Orkneyâ Saga-Book 20 (1978âÂÂ81) 80âÂÂ105.
(with Séamas àCatháin and Pádraig àHéalaà(eds.)), FiannaÃÂocht: Essays on the Fenian Tradition of Ireland and Scotland. (Dublin: Folklore of Ireland Society, 1987).
(with Séamas àCatháin and Pádraig àHéalaà(eds.)), The Heroic Process: Form, Function, and Fantasy in Folk Epic. The Proceedings of the International Folk Epic Conference, University College, Dublin, 2âÂÂ6 September 1985. (Dublin: Glendale Press, 1987).
âÂÂOf Mermaids and Marriages. Séamus HeaneyâÂÂs âÂÂMaighdean Mharaâ and Nuala NàDhomhnaill's âÂÂAn Mhaighdean Mharaâ in the Light of Folk Tradition.â Béaloideas 58 (1990) 1âÂÂ74.
âÂÂThe Mysterious MÃÂcheál àGaoithÃÂn, Boccaccio and the Blasket Tradition. Reflections Occasioned by James StewartâÂÂs âÂÂBoccaccio in the BlasketsâÂÂâ Béaloideas 58 (1990) 75âÂÂ140.
âÂÂIrish Migratory Legends on the Supernatural. Sources, Studies and Problemsâ Béaloideas 59 (1991) (special issue: The Fairy Hill Is on Fire!) 1âÂÂ44.
âÂÂWaterhorse Legends (MLSIT 4086 & 4086B). The Case for and against a Connection between Irish and Nordic Traditionâ Béaloideas 59 (1991) 107âÂÂ120.
Viking Ale: Studies on Folklore Contacts between the Northern and Western Worlds. Presented to the Author on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday. ed. ÃÂilÃÂs NàDhuibhne-Almqvist and Séamas àCatháin. (Aberystwyth: Boethius Press, 1991).
Färingasagan. FaereyÃÂnga saga. Hedemora 1992.
âÂÂFylgjor, livsfjärilar och livsfiskar. NÃÂ¥gra bidrag till isländsk-irisk själstroâ in Ailbhe ÃÂ'Corráin (ed.), Proceedings of the Third Symposium of Societas Celtologica Nordica. Uppsala Uppsala Universitet 1994, 115âÂÂ145.
(With DáithààhÃÂgáin) Skálda: éigse is eachtraÃÂocht sa tSean-Lochlainn. (Indreabhán, Co. na Gaillimhe: An Clóchomhar, 1995).
âÂÂGaelic/Norse Folklore Contacts: Some Reflections on Their Scope and Characterâ Bildung und Literatur (1996) 139âÂÂ172.
âÂÂBefore Columbus. Some Irish Folklore Motifs in the Old Icelandic Traditions about Winelandâ in Folke Josephson (ed.), Celts and Vikings. Göteborg: Göteborgs Universitet 1997, 225âÂÂ252.
âÂÂIs Búkolla a Celtic Cow?â in Ailbhe àCorráin (ed.), Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium of Societas Celtologica Nordica. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet 2001, 101âÂÂ116.
âÂÂC. W. von Sydow agus ÃÂire: scoláire Sualannach agus an léann Ceilteach (C. W. von Sydow and Ireland: a Swedish Scholar and Celtic Studies)â Béaloideas 70 (2002) 3âÂÂ49.
(with Roibéard àCathasaigh (eds.)), àBhéal an Bhab: Cnuas-scéalta Bhab Feiritéar (From Bab's Mouth. A Collection of Bab Feiritéar's Stories). Indreabhán 2002.
âÂÂThe Scholar and the Storyteller: Heinrich WagnerâÂÂs Collections from Peig Sayersâ Béaloideas 72 (2004) 31âÂÂ59.
(with Roibéard àCathasaigh (eds.)), 'Paidreacha agus Orthaàó Bhab Feiritéar (Prayers and Charms from Bab Feiritear)' Béaloideas 73 (2005) 135âÂÂ171.
âÂÂArastotail ar an mBlascaod (Aristotle in the Blasket Islands)â in Dónall àBaoill, Donncha àhAodha and Nollaig àMuraÃÂle (eds.) Saltair SaÃÂochta, SanasaÃÂochta agus Seanchais. A Festschrift for Gearóid Mac Eoin. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2013, 6âÂÂ16.
(with Pádraig àHéalaà(eds.)), Peig Sayers, Labharfad le cách: scéalta agus seanchas taifeadta ag Radio ÃÂireann agus BBC/I will speak to You All: Stories and Lore Recorded by Radio ÃÂireann and the BBC. Dublin: RTà2009.