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Rade language

Rade (Rhade; Rade: ; or ) is an Austronesian language of southern Vietnam. There may be some speakers in Cambodia. It is a member of the Chamic subgroup, and is closely related to the Cham language of central Vietnam.

Classification

Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23) provides the following classification for the Rade dialects. Đoàn (1998) also provides a 1,000-word vocabulary list for all of the nine Rade dialects.

  • Area 1
  • Area 1.1: Krung, Kpă, Adham
  • Area 1.2: Drao. Êpan, Ktul
  • Blô (mixture of areas 1.1 and 1.2, as well as Mdhur)
  • Area 2
  • Mdhur
  • Bih

Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23) assigns the following cognacy percentages for comparisons between Kpă and the other eight dialects of Rade, with Bih as the most divergent dialect.

  • Kpă – Krung: 85.5%
  • Kpă – Adham: 82%
  • Kpă – Ktul: 82%
  • Kpă – Mdhur: 80%
  • Kpă – Blô: 82%
  • Kpă – Êpan: 85%
  • Kpă – Drao: 81%
  • Kpă – Bih: 73%

Dialects

Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:24) lists nine dialects of Rade. They are spoken mostly in Đắk Lắk Province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam.

Bih, which has about 1,000 speakers, may be a separate language. Tam Nguyen (2015) reported that there are only 10 speakers of Bih out of an ethnic population of about 400 people.

A patrilineal Rade subgroup known as the Hmok or Hmok Pai is found in the Buôn Ma Thuột area (Phạm 2005:212).

Phonology

The spelling is shown in italics.

Consonants

  • The voiced implosives are also described as "preglottalized stops" (.
  • According to :
  • is as an affricate .
  • are dental ().
  • has slight friction ().
  • There is an optional schwa between the bilabial plosives and . Thus pra "scaffold" is pronounced .
  • is weakened before most consonants, except before the liquids where there may be a schwa. Compare mčah "broken" and mla "tusk" .
  • When other consonants is followed by , there may be a schwa or coarticulation. Compare trah "to fish" , tlao "to laugh" , dlao "to scold" , dhan "branch" , jhat "bad" , ghang "to roast" .
  • can also be heard as a more bilabial .
  • Glottalized final consonant sounds are heard only in final position.

Vowels

  • are central (respectively ).

Vocabulary

  • – the most senior in age and authority
  • – Protestant of Christian (single word identity of E-de)
  • – you
  • – husband
  • – her/him
  • – they
  • – we
  • – love
  • – hate
  • – younger sibling
  • – mom/mother
  • – grandma/grandmother
  • – grandma/grandfather
  • – father, dad daddy
  • – ugly, bad
  • – pretty
  • – beautiful girl
  • – good
  • – love
  • – give
  • – true
  • – go
  • – I/me
  • – name
  • – country
  • – want/like
  • – God
  • – speak
  • – language
  • – rice porridge
  • – fat
  • – skinny
  • – black
  • – to be from
  • – from
  • , , , , – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
  • , , , , : 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
  • – America
  • – Cambodia
  • – person
  • – learn
  • – sound of displeasure/pain
  • – Buôn Ma Thuột (city)
  • – type/write
  • – English
  • – Rade/Ede
  • – A lot
  • – French
  • -crazy

Notes

References

Further reading

External links