Biathlon at the 1976 Winter Olympics consisted of two biathlon events, held at Seefeld. The events began on 6 February and ended on 13 February 1976.
Three nations won medals in biathlon, the Soviet Union leading the medal table with three medals (2 gold, 1 bronze). Nikolay Kruglov led the individual medal table, winning the individual race, and adding a gold medal in the relay.
Eighteen nations sent biathletes to compete in the events. Below is a list of the competing nations; in parentheses are the number of national competitors. Bulgaria and Chinese Taipei (as Republic of China) made their Olympic biathlon debuts.