Betula microphylla is a species of flowering plant in the Betulaceae family. It is a tree native to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan in Central Asia; the Altai Mountains, including the Altai, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk, and Tuva regions of Russia; Xinjiang, and Mongolia. It is a multi-stemmed tree, up to six meters tall, which grows in temperate broadleaf forests and along streams in dry steppe valleys.
Betula microphylla is a tetraploid, placed in section Betula subgenus Betula. There are no clear morphological boundaries between it and the other tetraploid species B. tianschanica and B. ovalifolia, or the diploid B. humilis. All grow in open wetlands.