This is a list of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States. They were discontinued for various reasons, such as bankruptcy of the parent company, mergers, or being phased out.
A
B
C
- C-A-C (1914âÂÂ1915)
- Cady Automobile Company (1899)
- California (1900âÂÂ1902, 1910)
- Caloric (1903âÂÂ1904)
- Camelot Motors (1981)
- Cameron (1903âÂÂ1920)
- Campbell (1918âÂÂ1919)
- Canda (1900âÂÂ1902)
- Cannon (1902âÂÂ1906)
- Canoo (2017âÂÂ2025)
- Cantono Electric (1904âÂÂ1907)
- Car de Luxe (1906âÂÂ1910)
- Carbon Motors Corporation (2003âÂÂ2013)
- Cardway (1923âÂÂ1924)
- Carhart (1871)
- Carhartt Automobile Company (1910âÂÂ1912)
- Carlson (1904)
- Carrol
- Carroll (1908) <br /> Distinct from Carrol
- Carroll Six (1921âÂÂ1922)
- Carter Twin-Engine (1907âÂÂ1908)
- Cartercar (1905âÂÂ1916)
- Carthage (1914âÂÂ1915)
- Case (1911âÂÂ1927) <br /> Based in Wisconsin
- C.B (1917âÂÂ1918)
- Ceco (1914âÂÂ1915) <br /> Based in Chicago
- Centaur (1902âÂÂ1903)
- Central (1905âÂÂ1906)
- Century (1900âÂÂ1903) <br /> 'Tourist' model
- Century Motor Company (1911âÂÂ1915) <br /> Renamed to 'Century Electric Car Company' in 1915
- Century Steamer (1906)
- Cornish-Friedberg Motor Car Co (1907âÂÂ1909)
- Chadwick Engineering Works (1904âÂÂ1916, 1960)
- Chalfant (1905âÂÂ1912)
- Chalmers-Detroit (1908âÂÂ1914) <br /> Renamed to Chalmers in 1911
- Champion (1916)
- Chandler (1913âÂÂ1929)
- Chapman Electric (1899âÂÂ1901)
- Charles Abresch Company (1899âÂÂcirca 1965)
- Chase (1907âÂÂ1912)
- Checker Motors Corporation (1922âÂÂ1982)
- Chelsea (1914)
- Chicago (1902)
- Chicago Electric (1899âÂÂ1901)
- Chicago Motor Buggy (1908)
- Chicago Recording Scale Co (1906âÂÂ1907) <br /> Apollo model
- Chicago Steam Car (1905âÂÂ1907)
- Chief (1908)
- Christie (1904âÂÂ1910)
- Christman (1901âÂÂ1905, 1907)
- Church-Field (1912âÂÂ1913)
- Church Manufacturing Co (1903âÂÂ1904) <br /> Lenawee model
- Cincinnati Steamer (1903âÂÂ1904)
- CinO (1910âÂÂ1913)
- Citicar (1974âÂÂ1976)
- Clark (1901)
- Clark Electric (1903âÂÂ1905)
- Clark & Company (1903âÂÂ1904) <br /> Clarkmobile model
- Classic (1916âÂÂ1917, 1920)
- Cleburne
- Clénet Coachworks (1975âÂÂ1980)
- Clermont
- Cleveland (1902âÂÂ1904) <br /> Built in Cleveland
- Cleveland (1905âÂÂ1909)
- Cleveland (1914)
- Cleveland (1919âÂÂ1926)
- Climber (1919âÂÂ1924)
- Clinton E. Woods Electric (1897âÂÂ1901)
- Clipper (1956)
- Clough Steamer (1869)
- Cloughley (1896âÂÂ1903)
- Club Car (1910âÂÂ1911)
- Clyde Special
- Clymer (1908) <br /> Based in Missouri
- Coates-Goshen (1908âÂÂ1910)
- Coats Steam Car (1921âÂÂ1923)
- Coda (2009âÂÂ2013)
- Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company (1913âÂÂ1917)
- Coggswell (1910âÂÂ1911)
- Colburn (1906âÂÂ1911) <br /> Based in Denver
- ColbyDenver (1911âÂÂ1914)
- Cole Motor Car Company (1909âÂÂ1925) <br /> Based in Indianapolis
- Colonial Motors Corporation (1921âÂÂ1922)
- Colonial Electric Car Company (1912)
- Colt (1907) <br /> Based in New York
- Columbia (1897âÂÂ1913)
- Columbian Electric
- Columbia Motors (1916âÂÂ1924)
- Columbian Electric (1914âÂÂ1917) <br /> Distinct from 'Columbia Electric'
- Columbus Buggy Company (1907âÂÂ1908)
- Columbus Electric (1903âÂÂ1915) <br /> Based in Ohio
- Comet (1917âÂÂ1922) <br /> Based in Illinois
- Comet (1946âÂÂ1951)
- Commerce (1907âÂÂ1908)
- Commercial Motor Truck Company <br /> Based in Ohio
- Commodore Motors Corporation (1921âÂÂ1922)
- Commonwealth (1917âÂÂ1922)
- Commuter Cars (1998)
- Comuta-Car (1979âÂÂ1982) (See its predecessor, the Citicar)
- Conrad (1900âÂÂ1903)
- Continental (1907âÂÂ1908)
- Continental (1914) <br /> Based in Minneapolis and Chicago
- Continental (1933âÂÂ1934)
- Continental (1956âÂÂ1957)
- Corbin (1904âÂÂ1912)
- Corbin (1999âÂÂ2003)
- Corbitt (1907âÂÂ1914)
- Cord (1929âÂÂ1932,1936âÂÂ1937)
- Corinthian (1922âÂÂ1923)
- Cornelian (1914âÂÂ1915)
- Cornish-Friedberg
- Correja (1909âÂÂ1914)
- Corwin (1905âÂÂ1906) <br /> Gas-au-lec model
- Cosmopolitan (1907âÂÂ1910) <br /> Distinct from the Nash Cosmopolitan
- Cotta Steam (1901âÂÂ1903)
- Country Club (1903âÂÂ1904)
- Courier (1904âÂÂ1905)
- Courier (1909âÂÂ1911)
- Courier Car Co (1912) <br /> 'Clermont' model
- Covert (1902âÂÂ1907)
- Coyote Special (1909âÂÂ1910)
- C.R. Patterson and Sons (1915âÂÂ1939), maker of the Patterson-Greenfield automobile and later buses and trucks.
- Craig-Toledo (1907)
- Crane (1912âÂÂ1920) <br /> Renamed to Crane-Simplex in 1915
- Crane & Breed (1912âÂÂ1917)
- Crawford (1904âÂÂ1923)
- Crescent (1913âÂÂ1914)
- Crestmobile (1901âÂÂ1905)
- Cricket Cyclecar Company (1913âÂÂ1914)
- Criterion
- Crompton (1902âÂÂ1905)
- Crosley (1939âÂÂ1952)
- Crouch (1894âÂÂ1900)
- Crow-Elkhart (1911âÂÂ1923)
- Crowdus Electric (1899âÂÂ1902)
- Crown (1905âÂÂ1907)
- Crowther (1915âÂÂ1917) <br /> Renamed to 'Crowther-Duryea' in 1917
- Croxton-Keeton (1909âÂÂ1914) <br /> Renamed to 'Croxton' in 1911
- Cruiser (1917âÂÂ1919)
- Culver (1905)
- Cunningham (1907âÂÂ1936)
- Cunningham Sports Cars (1951âÂÂ1955)
- Clark-Carter Automobile Co (1909âÂÂ1913) <br /> Renamed to Cutting Motor Car Company in 1911; defunct c. 1912; last model year 1913.
- C.V.I. Motor Car Co (1907âÂÂ1908)
D
E
- Eagle (1905âÂÂ1909)
- Eagle (1988âÂÂ1998)
- Eagle Electric (1915âÂÂ1916)
- Eagle Rotary (1914âÂÂ1915; Eagle-Macomber 1916âÂÂ1918)
- Earl Motors Incorporated (1907âÂÂ1908)
- Earl (1921âÂÂ1923)
- Eastman (1898âÂÂ1900)
- Eastman (1901âÂÂ1902)
- Eaton Electric (1898âÂÂ1900)
- Eck
- Eclipse Steam (1900âÂÂ1903)
- Economy (1916âÂÂ1919; Economy-Vogue 1920; Vogue 1921âÂÂ1922)
- Eddy Electric (1900âÂÂ1901)
- Edsel (1958âÂÂ1960)
- Edwards-Knight (1912âÂÂ1913)
- Edwards (1954âÂÂ1955)
- E.H.V. (see Compound)
- Eichstaedt (1898âÂÂ1902)
- Eisenhuth (1904âÂÂ1908) <br /> 'Compound' model
- Elberg
- Elberon (Columbia model)
- Elbert (1914âÂÂ1915)
- Elcar (1915âÂÂ1931)
- Elco (1915âÂÂ1917)
- Eldredge (1903âÂÂ1906)
- Electra (1914âÂÂ1915)
- Electric Vehicle (1897âÂÂ1907)
- Electronomic
- Elgin (1916âÂÂ1924)
- Elite
- Elite (1901âÂÂ1902)
- Elkhart (see Crow-Elkhart or Komet)
- Elliott (1897âÂÂ1899)
- Ellis
- Ellsworth (1907)
- Elmore (1893âÂÂ1912)
- El Morocco (1956âÂÂ1957)
- Emancipator (1909)
- Emerson (1917)
- E-M-F (1909âÂÂ1912) <br /> 'Wayne' model
- Empire (1901âÂÂ1902)
- Empire (1910âÂÂ1919)
- Empire Steam Car (1925âÂÂ1927)
- Empire Steamer (1899âÂÂ1902)
- Empire Steamer (1904)
- Endurance Steam Car (1922âÂÂ1924)
- Enger (1909âÂÂ1917)
- Engler (W.B.) Cyclecar Company (1914âÂÂ1915)
- Entz (1914)
- Erie (1899âÂÂ1902)
- Erskine (1927âÂÂ1930)
- Eshelman (1953âÂÂ1961)
- Essex (1906)
- Essex Motor Company (1919âÂÂ1932)
- Etnyre (1910âÂÂ1911)
- Euclid (1908)
- Eureka (1900)
- Eureka (1907âÂÂ1909)
- Evansville
- Everitt (1909âÂÂ1912)
- Everybody's (1907âÂÂ1909)
- Ewing (1908âÂÂ1910)
- Excalibur (1965âÂÂ1997)
- Excel (1914)
F
- Fageol (1900, 1917)
- Fal-Car (1909âÂÂ1914) <br /> Also known as F.A.L.
- Falcon Engineering Company (1907âÂÂ1909) <br /> Unrelated to Ford Falcon
- Falcon-Knight (1927âÂÂ1929)
- Famous (1908âÂÂ1909)
- Fanning (1901âÂÂ1903)
- Farmack (1915âÂÂ1916)
- Farner (1922âÂÂ1923)
- Faulkner-Blanchard (1910)
- Federal (1907âÂÂ1909)
- Federal Steam (1901âÂÂ1902)
- Fenton (1913âÂÂ1914) <br /> Unrelated to Fenton Headers
- Ferris (1920âÂÂ1922)
- Fey Touring (1897âÂÂ1906)
- Fiberfab (1964âÂÂ1983)
- Fidelia (1913âÂÂ1914)
- Field (1886, 1905)
- Fina-Sport (1953âÂÂ1954)
- Firestone-Columbus (1909âÂÂ1915)
- Fischer-Detroit (1914)
- Fisher (1901âÂÂ1905)
- Fisker Automotive (2007âÂÂ2014)
- Fisker Inc. (2016âÂÂ2024)
- Flagler (1914) <br /> Based in Michigan
- Flanders 20 (1910âÂÂ1912)
- Flanders Manufacturing Company (1912âÂÂ1914)
- Flanders (1913) <br /> 'Flanders Six' model
- Flexbi (1904)
- Flint (1923âÂÂ1927)
- Flyer Motor Car Company (1913âÂÂ1914)
- Forest (1905âÂÂ1906) Organized in Boston.
- Forest City (1905)<br /> Manufactured as the Jewell beginning in 1906. Organized in Cleveland, Ohio, & named for the city nickname.
- Forsyth (circa 1896) Franklin, Minnesota; only a prototype built.
- Forth (1905)<br />New York company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. No cars built.
- Forth (1910âÂÂ1911)<br />Mansfield, Ohio, company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. Only one prototype car assembled; went bankrupt late 1911.
- Fort Pitt (1908âÂÂ1910, 1911)<br /> Organized in New Kensington, Pennsylvania; moved to Pittsburgh 1911. Always known as the Pittsburgh Six
- Foster (1889,1901âÂÂ1904)
- Fostoria (1906âÂÂ1907)
- Fournier-Searchmont
- Fox (1921âÂÂ1923)
- Franklin (1902âÂÂ1934)
- Frayer-Miller (1904âÂÂ1910)
- Frazer (1946âÂÂ1951)
- Frederickson (1914)
- Fredonia (1902âÂÂ1904)
- Fremont (1920âÂÂ1922)
- Friedman Automobile Company (1900âÂÂ1903)
- Friend Motors Corporation (1920âÂÂ1921)
- Fritchle Electric (1905âÂÂ1920)
- Frontenac (1906âÂÂ1913)
- Frontenac Motor Corporation (1921âÂÂ1925)
- Frontmobile (1917âÂÂ1918)
- F.R.P. (1914âÂÂ1916)
- F.S. (1911âÂÂ1912)
- Fuller (1908âÂÂ1910)
- F.W.D. (1910âÂÂ1912) <br /> Based in Wisconsin
G
H
I
- Ideal Electric Co. (1909-c1911)
- Illinois Electric (1897âÂÂ1901)
- Imp (1913âÂÂ1914)
- Imperial Motor Car Company (1907âÂÂ1908)
- Imperial Automobile Company (1908âÂÂ1916)
- Imperial (1955âÂÂ1975, 1981âÂÂ1983)
- Imperial Electric (1903âÂÂ1904)
- Independent Harvester (1910âÂÂ1911)
- Indiana (1901)
- Indianapolis (see Black)
- International (1899) (see Strathmore)
- International (1899)
- International (1900)
- International Cyclecar Company (1914) <br /> 'Economy' model
- International Motor Cars (Apollo; 1962âÂÂ1964)
- International Power Company (1900)
- International (1901âÂÂ1903)
- International Cyclecar Company (1914)
- International Harvester (1907âÂÂ1980)
- Inter-State (1909âÂÂ1919)
- Iroquois (1903âÂÂ1907)
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
- Tarkington (1922âÂÂ1923)
- Taunton (1901âÂÂ1903) <br /> Steam cars
- Templar (1917âÂÂ1924)
- Templeton-Dubrie (1910)
- Terraplane (1932âÂÂ1939)
- Terwilliger (1904) <br /> Empire Steamer model
- Texan (1920âÂÂ1922)
- Thomas (1902âÂÂ1919)
- Thomas-Detroit (1906âÂÂ1908)
- Thompson (1901âÂÂ1907) <br /> Steam cars
- Thresher Electric (1900)
- Tiffany Electric (1913âÂÂ1914)
- Tiger (1914âÂÂ1915)
- Tincher (1903âÂÂ1909)
- Tinker & Piper Steam (1899)
- Tinkham (1898âÂÂ1899)
- Toledo (1901âÂÂ1903)
- Tonawanda
- Torbensen (1902âÂÂ1906)
- Touraine (1912âÂÂ1916)
- Tourist (1902âÂÂ1910)
- Tractmobile (1900âÂÂ1902)
- Trask-Detroit (1922âÂÂ1923)
- Traveler (1907âÂÂ1908)
- Trebert (1907âÂÂ1908)
- Trimoto (1900âÂÂ1901) <br /> Also known as Tri-Motor
- Trinity Steamer
- Triumph (1907âÂÂ1912)
- Trumbull (1914âÂÂ1915)
- Tucker (1946âÂÂ1949)
- Tulsa (1918âÂÂ1922)
- Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation (1974âÂÂ1978)
- Twin City (1914)
- Twombly (1913âÂÂ1915)
- Twyford (1899âÂÂ1902, 1904âÂÂ1907)
U
- US Automobile (1899âÂÂ1901)
- Union (1902âÂÂ1905)
- (1911âÂÂ1912)
- United (1919âÂÂ1920)
- United States (1899âÂÂ1903) <br /> Electric cars
- United States Long Distance
- Unito (1908âÂÂ1910)
- Universal (1914)
- Upton Machine Company (1902âÂÂ1903)
- Upton Motor Company (1905âÂÂ1907)
V
- Van (1911âÂÂ1912)
- Van Wagoner (1899âÂÂ1903)
- Vaughn (1909)
- V.E. (1901âÂÂ1906) <br /> Also known as V.E.C. Electric
- Vector (1971âÂÂ1999, 2006âÂÂ2010)
- Velie (1908âÂÂ1929)
- Vernon (Able 8; 1918âÂÂ1921)
- Victor (1905âÂÂ1911)
- Victor Page Motors Corp (1921âÂÂ1924)
- Victor Steamer (1899âÂÂ1903) <br /> Previously Overman Steam (1895âÂÂ1898)
- Victormobile (1900âÂÂ1901) <br /> 'Steamer' model
- Victory (1920âÂÂ1921)
- Viking (1907âÂÂ1908)
- Viking (1929âÂÂ1931)
- Virginian (1911âÂÂ1912)
- Vixen (1914âÂÂ1916)
- Vulcan (1913âÂÂ1915)
W
- Waco (1915âÂÂ1917)
- Wagenhals (1910âÂÂ1915)
- Wahl (1913âÂÂ1914)
- Waldron (1908âÂÂ1911)
- Walker Motor Car Company (1905âÂÂ1906)
- Wall (1900âÂÂ1903)
- Walter (1902âÂÂ1909)(1905âÂÂ1909)
- Waltham Steam (1898âÂÂ1902)
- Waltham Manufacturing Co (1899âÂÂ1910) <br /> 'Orient' model
- Walworth (1904âÂÂ1905)
- Ward (1913âÂÂ1914)
- Ward Electric (1914âÂÂ1916)
- Ware Steam Wagon (1861âÂÂ1867)
- Warren (1910âÂÂ1913)
- Warwick (1901âÂÂ1905)
- Washington (1921âÂÂ1924)
- Wasp (1919âÂÂ1924)
- Waterloo (1903âÂÂ1905)
- Watrous (1905)
- Watt (1910)
- Waukesha (1906âÂÂ1910)
- Waverley Electric (1898âÂÂ1903, 1909âÂÂ1916)
- Webb Jay (1908)
- Weidely Motor Company (1915âÂÂ1917)
- Welch Motor Car Company (1901âÂÂ1911)
- Westcott (1909âÂÂ1925)
- Westfield (1901âÂÂ1903)
- W.F.S. (1911âÂÂ1912)
- Whaley-Henriette (1898âÂÂ1900)
- Wharton (1922âÂÂ1923)
- Wheeler Manufacturing Company (1904)
- Whippet (1927âÂÂ1931)
- White Motor Company (1900âÂÂ1918)
- White Star (1909âÂÂ1911)
- Whiting Motor Car Co (1910âÂÂ1912)
- Whitmore, M.C. Co (1914) <br /> Arrow Cyclecar model
- Whitney (1896âÂÂ1900)
- Wilcox (1909âÂÂ1910)
- Wildman (1902)
- Wills (C. H.) and Company (1921âÂÂ1927)
- Willys (1916âÂÂ1918, 1930âÂÂ1942, 1953âÂÂ1963)
- Willys-Knight (1914âÂÂ1933)
- Willys-Overland (1912âÂÂ1953)
- Wilson (1903âÂÂ1905)
- Windsor (1929âÂÂ1930)
- Wing (1922)
- Winther (1921âÂÂ1923)
- Winton (1896âÂÂ1924)
- Wolfe (1907âÂÂ1909)
- Wolverine (1904âÂÂ1906,1927âÂÂ1928)
- Woodill (1952âÂÂ1956)
- Woodruff (1902âÂÂ1904)
- Woods Electric (1899âÂÂ1916) <br /> Renamed to Woods Dual Power for 1917âÂÂ1918
- Woods Mobilette (1913âÂÂ1916)
- Worth (J.M.) Gas Engine Manufacturing Co (1902)
- Worth (1906âÂÂ1910)
X
Y
Z
- Zehr (1912âÂÂ1915)
- Zent (1900âÂÂ1902, 1904âÂÂ1906)
- Zentmobile (1903)
- Zimmer Motorcars (1978âÂÂ1988)
- Zimmerman (1908âÂÂ1915)
- Zip (1913âÂÂ1914)
See also
Notes
Sources
- Automobile Quarterly (eds.). The American Car Since 1775. Kutztown, PA: Automobile Quarterly, Inc., 1971.
- Bird, Anthony and Douglas-Scott Montagu of Beaulieu, Edward: Steam Cars, 1770âÂÂ1970, Littlehampton Book Services Ltd., 1971. :
- Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877âÂÂ1925. New York: Bonanza Books, 1950.
- Clymer, Floyd and Gahagan, Harry W.: Floyd Clymer's Steam Car Scrapbook, Literary Licensing, LLC, 2012. ;
- Georgano, Nick (Ed.). The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000.
- Evans, Richard J.: Steam Cars (Shire Album), Shire Publications Ltd (booklet) 1985. ;
- Headfield, John: American Steam-Car Pioneers: A Scrapbook (1st edition). Newcomen Society in North, 1984. ;
- Kirsch, David A.: The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick NJ and London, 2000.