The 1555 was the only battle to be fought on the sacred island of Miyajima; the entire island is considered to be a Shinto shrine, and no birth or death is allowed on the island. Extensive purification rituals took place after the battle, to cleanse the shrine and the island of the pollution of death.
The Battle of Miyajima was the turning point in a campaign for control of the à Âuchi clan and of Aki Province, a strategically important province for establishing control of western Honshu. It was an important step for the Mà Âri clan in taking the foremost position in western Japan, and cemented the reputation of Mà Âri Motonari as a cunning strategist.
In 1551, Sue Harukata revolted against his lord à Âuchi Yoshitaka in the Tainei-ji incident, forcing him to commit seppuku. Sue installed the next lord of the clan, à Âuchi Yoshinaga (younger brother of à Âtomo Sà Ârin), but effectively led the à Âuchi family and its armies, intent on military expansion.
In 1554, Mà Âri Motonari, as a vassal of the à Âuchi clan, wanted to avenge the betrayed Yoshitaka, and so he rebelled against Sue, whose territorial ambitions were depleting clan resources. The heavily outnumbered force under Mà Âri attacked and defeated Sue at the Battle of Oshikibata. Mà Âri then departed from the mainland to build a fort, known as Miyao Castle, on Miyajima while proclaiming publicly his woe that it would not hold out long against an attack.
Miyao Castle was built on a hill near Itsukushima Shrine and facing the mainland, making it a visible and tempting target. Sue commandeered a fleet of merchant vessels and prepared the troops of the à Âuchi clan to cross the channel. In the early hours of 15 October, Sue attacked Miyao Castle in an amphibious frontal assault. Meanwhile, Mà Âri took advantage of his absence to seize Sakurao Castle, Sue's castle on the mainland.
With an embarkation point secured, MÃ Âri Motonari continued with his elaborate plan. He had enlisted the aid of the Noshima Murakami, a gang of local pirates led by Murakami Takeyoshi, who agreed to transport the MÃ Âri troops to Miyajima. The fleet carrying the MÃ Âri forces set out in a driving thunderstorm. Their approach thus obscured, Motonari and two of his sons, Kikkawa Motoharu and MÃ Âri Takamoto, landed on the east side of the island, to the rear of the Sue force. Meanwhile, Motonari's third son, Kobayakawa Takakage, sailed straight toward Miyao Castle in a feint, then retreated so he could be in a position to return the following day, his attack synchronized with the overland assault.
At dawn, Takakage and his 1,500 troops landed before the small fortress, and the sound of shell trumpets signaled that all units were in position and the attack commenced. As Takakage's force rushed the front gate of Miyao Castle, Mà Âri and his troops hit the à Âuchi position from behind. Caught completely by surprise, many of the à Âuchi troops scattered in disarray. Hundreds tried to swim to the mainland and drowned in the attempt. Many more saw that defeat was inevitable and committed seppuku.
By 18 October 1555, resistance had ended at a cost of about 4,700 deaths among the à Âuchi army. Sue Harukata escaped from the confines of Miyao Castle, but when he saw that escape from the island was not possible, he also committed suicide by seppuku. The à Âuchi clan's senior vassal Hironaka Takakane fought, together with his son, to the end, and he was also killed.
The Sue forces at Miyajima are estimated to have been about 20,000 to 30,000 men, and though estimates of the combined forces under MÃ Âri Motonari range widely from 4,000 to 10,000 troops, it is clear that MÃ Âri was heavily outnumbered. This victory brought the MÃ Âri clan into a preeminent position in western Japan, and established their reputation for strategy and naval tactics.
Immediately after the battle, MÃ Âri Motonari ordered that the bodies of the fallen troops be removed to the mainland, and then ordered that the entire battlefield be cleansed of the blood that was spilled, to the point that buildings were scrubbed, and blood-soaked soil was removed from the island. The MÃ Âri clan later funded several construction or renovation projects on the island. The remains of Sue Harukata were transported back to the mainland and positively identified at Sakurao Castle before being accorded a funeral and burial in the cemetery of a nearby Buddhist temple in present-day Hatsukaichi city, Hiroshima Prefecture.