Barychelidae, also known as brushed trapdoor spiders, is a spider family with about 300 species in 39 genera.
Behaviour
Most spiders in this family build trapdoor burrows. For example, the long Sipalolasma builds its burrow in rotted wood, with a hinged trapdoor at each end. The long Idioctis builds its burrow approximately deep, just below the high tide level, sealing the opening with a thin trapdoor.
Some species avoid flooding by plugging their burrows, while others can avoid drowning by trapping air bubbles within the hairs covering their bodies. Some members of this group have a rake on the front surface of their chelicerae used for compacting burrow walls. These spiders can run up glass like tarantulas, and some can stridulate, though it isn't audible to humans.
Distribution
Barychelids are found in Australia, New Caledonia, South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, New Guinea, and Pacific islands.
Genera
, this family includes 39 genera and 294 species:
- Adelonychia <small>Walsh, 1890</small> â India, Sri Lanka
- Ammonius <small>Thorell, 1899</small> â Cameroon, Ivory Coast
- Atrophothele <small>Pocock, 1903</small> â Yemen
- Aurecocrypta <small>Raven, 1994</small> â Australia
- Barycheloides <small>Raven, 1994</small> â New Caledonia
- Barychelus <small>Simon, 1889</small> â New Caledonia
- Cosmopelma <small>Simon, 1889</small> â Brazil
- Cyphonisia <small>Simon, 1889</small> â Africa
- Encyocrypta <small>Simon, 1889</small> â New Caledonia
- Eubrachycercus <small>Pocock, 1897</small> â Somalia
- Fijocrypta <small>Raven, 1994</small> â Fiji
- Idioctis <small>L. Koch, 1874</small> â Madagascar, Mayotte, Seychelles, Taiwan, Singapore, Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands, Samoa, Caroline Islands
- Idiommata <small>Ausserer, 1871</small> â Australia
- Idiophthalma <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877</small> â South America
- Mandjelia <small>Raven, 1994</small> â Australia, New Caledonia
- Monodontium <small>KulczyÃ
Âski, 1908</small> â Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, New Guinea, Papua New Guinea
- Moruga <small>Raven, 1994</small> â Australia
- Natgeogia <small>Raven, 1994</small> â New Caledonia
- Neodiplothele <small>Mello-Leitão, 1917</small> â Brazil
- Nihoa <small>Raven & Churchill, 1992</small> â Hawaii, Melanesia, Palau Islands
- Orstom <small>Raven, 1994</small> â New Caledonia
- Ozicrypta <small>Raven, 1994</small> â Australia
- Paracenobiopelma <small>Feio, 1952</small> â Brazil, Ecuador
- Pisenor <small>Simon, 1889</small> â Africa
- Plagiobothrus <small>Karsch, 1892</small> â Sri Lanka
- Questocrypta <small>Raven, 1994</small> â New Caledonia
- Rhianodes <small>Raven, 1985</small> â Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore
- Sason <small>Simon, 1887</small> â Seychelles, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands
- Sasonichus <small>Pocock, 1900</small> â India
- Seqocrypta <small>Raven, 1994</small> â Australia
- Sipalolasma <small>Simon, 1892</small> â Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malaysia, Singapore, India, Sri Lanka
- Strophaeus <small>Ausserer, 1875</small> â Panama, South America
- Synothele <small>Simon, 1908</small> â Australia
- Tigidia <small>Simon, 1892</small> â Madagascar, Mauritius, India
- Trittame <small>L. Koch, 1874</small> â Australia
- Troglothele <small>Fage, 1929</small> â Cuba
- Tungari <small>Raven, 1994</small> â Australia
- Zophorame <small>Raven, 1990</small> â Australia
- Zophoryctes <small>Simon, 1902</small> â Madagascar
References
- Raven, R.J. (1986): A revision of the spider genus Sason Simon (Sasoninae, Barychelidae, Mygalomorphae) and its historical biogeography. Journal of Arachnology 14: 47âÂÂ70. PDF
- Valerio, CE. (1986): Mygalomorph spiders in the Barychelidae (Araneae) from Costa Rica. J. Arachnol. 14: 93âÂÂ99. PDF (Psalistops venadensis, Trichopelma laselva)
- Schwendinger, P.J. (2003): Two new species of the arboreal trapdoor spider genus Sason (Araneae, Barychelidae) from Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51(2): 197âÂÂ207. PDF (S. sundaicum, S. andamanicum)
External links