Barney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Albert B. Barney (1835âÂÂ1910), American politician
- Albert W. Barney Jr. (1920âÂÂ2010), American lawyer and Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
- Alice Pike Barney (1857âÂÂ1931), American painter
- Bob Barney (born 1932), professor and Olympic scholar
- Charles D. Barney (1844âÂÂ1945), American stockbroker, founder of Charles D. Barney & Co
- Darwin Barney (born 1985), American baseball player
- Dave Barney (born 1932), American educator and swimming coach
- George Barney (1792âÂÂ1862), Royal Engineers officer and Lieutenant Governor of the Colony of North Australia
- Gerald O. Barney (1937âÂÂ2020), American physicist
- Gerry Barney (born 1939), British designer
- Jacory Barney Jr., American football player
- John Barney (1785âÂÂ1857), U.S. Congressman from Maryland
- Joseph Barney (1753âÂÂ1832), English painter
- Joseph Nicholson Barney (1818âÂÂ1899), Confederate Navy officer during the American Civil War, grandson of Joshua
- Joshua Barney (1759âÂÂ1818), US Navy commodore during the Revolutionary War
- Keith Barney (born 1979), American guitarist of the American metalcore band Eighteen Visions
- Lem Barney (born 1945), American football player
- Maginel Wright Enright Barney (1881âÂÂ1966), American children's book illustrator
- Matthew Barney (born 1967), American sculptor and film artist
- Matthew Barney (boxer) (born 1974), British boxer
- Natalie Clifford Barney (1876âÂÂ1972), American playwright, poet and novelist
- Rex Barney (1924âÂÂ1997), American baseball player
- Scott Barney (born 1979), Canadian ice hockey player
- Susan Hammond Barney (1834âÂÂ1922), American evangelist, writer
- Tina Barney (born 1945), American photographer