Barbodes pyrpholeos is a species of caveâÂÂdwelling cyprinid fish endemic to Mindanao in the southern Philippines. It is the first troglobitic cyprinid recorded from the Philippines and only the second known caveâÂÂdwelling species of Barbodes in the Sundaic region. The species was described in 2021 by Tan Heok Hui and Daniel Edison M. Husana.
The specific epithet pyrpholeos combines the Greek pyr ("fire") and pholeos ("cave"), referring to the species' fiery red fins and caveâÂÂdwelling lifestyle.