The Balta uezd was a county (uezd) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Olgopol and Gaysin uezds to the north, the Uman uezd of the Kiev Governorate to the northeast, the Kherson Governorate's Elisavetgrad uezd to the east, and Ananev uezd to the south, and the Orgeev uezd of the Bessarabia Governorate to the west. Its administrative centre was Balta.
The subcounties (volosts) of the Balta uezd in 1912 were as follows:
At the time of the Russian Empire Census on , the Balta uezd had a population of 391,018, including 196,111 men and 194,907 women. The majority of the population indicated Little Russian to be their mother tongue, with significant Jewish, Romanian and Russian speaking minorities.