Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata (See to it, that your fear of God be not hypocrisy), 179 in Leipzig for the eleventh Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 8 August 1723.
Bach composed the cantata in his first year in Leipzig, which he had started after Trinity of 1723, for the Eleventh Sunday after Trinity. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the First Epistle to the Corinthians, on the gospel of Christ and Paul's duty as an apostle (), and from the Gospel of Luke, the parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector (). The unknown poet stayed close to the gospel and alluded to several Bible passages. The cantata is opened by a line from . the closing chorale is the first stanza of Christoph Tietze's hymn "Ich armer Mensch, ich armer Sünder" (1663).
Bach first performed the cantata on 8 August 1723. Alfred Dürr assumes that Mein Herze schwimmt im Blut, BWV 199, composed for the same occasion in Weimar, was also performed at the service.
The cantata in six movements is scored for soprano, tenor and bass soloists, a four-part choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of two oboes da caccia, two violins, viola, and basso continuo.
In the opening chorus the instruments go with the voices as in a motet. The words are set in a strict counter-fugue: each entrance is followed by an entrance in inversion. The sequence is concluded by a canonic imitation on a new theme: in the words "" (and do not serve God with a false heart) the falseness is expressed by chromaticism. A second expanded fugue presents even more complex counterpoint than the first.
A secco recitative prepares the aria with an accompaniment of the two oboe da caccia and violin I in syncopation, which even the tenor voice picks up in the first part. It is not a da capo aria, as only the ritornello repeats the beginning. The final words of the second recitative end like an arioso to stress "" (so that you can find mercy and aid). The soprano aria expresses like a prayer "" (Beloved God, have mercy). The two oboes da caccia illustrate a movement of supplication even together with the soprano voice.
The final chorale is sung on the melody of ""Wer nur den lieben Gott läÃÂt walten", which Bach also used in his choral cantata BWV 93.
Bach used the music of the opening chorus again for the Kyrie of his Missa in G major, the first aria for the of that mass, and the second aria for the of the Missa in A major.
The cantata was performed at The Proms of 2007 with the Bach Collegium Japan and soloists Carolyn Sampson, Gerd Türk and Peter Kooy, conducted by Masaaki Suzuki.