Astroblepus chapmani is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Astroblepidae, the climbing catfishes. This catfish is found in the Magdalena, Cauca and San Juan rivers in Colombia. This fish attains a maximum standard length of .
Although the patronym in the specific name was not identified, Eigenmann mentioned a "Dr. F. M. Chapman" in a later (1942) publication, who was a traveling companion in South America; this may have been ornithologist Frank M. Chapman, of the American Museum of Natural History.