Astragalus alopecurus, synonym Astragalus centralpinus, is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
Astragalus alopecurus can reach a height of . The hairy stem has a diameter of about 10 mm. Leaves are petiolated, long, with rachis covered with ascending hairs. Leaflets are ovate to elliptic, in 20-25 pairs. The inflorescences are in clusters subsessile or with peduncle up to 1 cm, ovoid to cylindrical, , while bracts reach . Petals are yellow and glabrous. This plant blooms from June to August.
Astragalus alopecurus has a wide native distribution, from Europe (Bulgaria, Italy, France, eastern European Russia) to temperate Asia (the Caucasus, Iran, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Xinjiang in China).
It can be found in mountain regions at an elevation above sea level.