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Astraea (gastropod)

Astraea is a genus of medium to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Etymology

The Latin genus Astraea means star, with reference to the star-shape of these snails, also commonly called star shells.

Description

Shells of species within this genus can reach a size of about . They have the appearance of a smooth conical shell. The outer edges of the coiled whorls are quite flattened, with prominent axial sculpture. Below widely, it is umbilicate and concave.

Species

Extant species within this genus include:

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the Paleocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 61.7 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the sediments of Europe, Australia, United States, Japan, Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil.

Species

Extinct species within this genus include:

  • †Astraea (Liotiastralium) venezuelana <small> Weisbord 1962</small>
  • †Astraea (Pomaulax) gradata <small> Grant and Gale 1931</small>
  • †Astraea (Pomaulax) morani <small> Loel and Corey 1932</small>
  • †Astraea (Vitiastraea) holmesi <small> Ladd 1966</small>
  • † Astraea bicarinata <small>Suter, 1917</small>
  • †Astraea fimbriata <small> Borson 1821</small>
  • † Astraea granifer <small>(K. Martin, 1884)</small>
  • † Astraea hickmanae <small>Kiel & Bandel, 2002</small>
  • † Astraea holmesi <small>Ladd, 1966</small>
  • † Astraea hudsoniana <small>(R. M. Johnston, 1888)</small>
  • † Astraea pseudomodesta <small>Nomura, 1935</small>
  • † Astraea stellare <small> Gmelin 1791</small>
  • † Astraea stirps <small>Laws, 1932</small>
  • †Astraea tentoriiformis <small> Jonas, 1844</small>
Species brought into synonymy
  • †Astraea (Australium) rhodestoma <small> Lamarck 1822</small>: synonym of Astralium rhodostomum <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
  • Astraea americana <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of Lithopoma americanum <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
  • Astraea andersoni <small>(Smith, 1902)</small>: synonym of Bolma andersoni (Smith, 1902)
  • Astraea babelis <small>(P. Fischer, 1874)</small>: synonym of Uvanilla babelis <small>(P. Fischer, 1874)</small>
  • Astraea brevispina <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>: synonym of Lithopoma brevispina <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
  • Astraea buschii <small>(Philippi, 1844)</small>: synonym of Uvanilla buschii <small>(Philippi, 1844)</small>
  • Astraea calcar <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>: synonym of Astralium calcar <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
  • Astraea cookii <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of Cookia sulcata <small>(Lightfoot, 1786)</small>
  • Astraea cubanum <small>Philippi, 1849</small>: synonym of Lithopoma tectum <small>(Lightfoot, 1786)</small>
  • Astraea danieli <small>Alf & Kreipl, 2006</small>: synonym of Astralium danieli <small>(Alf & Kreipl, 2006)</small>
  • Astraea dominicana <small>A. H. Verrill, 1950</small>: synonym of Lithopoma tuber <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
  • Astraea gilchristi <small>(G. B. Sowerby III, 1903)</small>: synonym of Bolma bathyraphis <small>(E. A. Smith, 1899)</small>
  • Astraea heimburgi <small>(Dunker, 1882)</small>: synonym of Astralium heimburgi <small>(Dunker, 1882)</small>
  • Astraea hokianga <small>Laws, 1948</small>: synonym of Bembicium hokianga <small>(Laws, 1948)</small>
  • Astraea imbricata <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of Lithopoma tectum <small>(Lightfoot, 1786)</small>
  • Astraea imbricatum <small>Gmelin, 1791</small>: synonym of Lithopoma tectum <small>(Lightfoot, 1786)</small>
  • Astraea jacquelineae <small>Marche-Marchad, 1957</small>: synonym of Bolma jacquelineae <small>(Marche-Marchad, 1957)</small>
  • Astraea johnstoni <small>(Odhner, 1923)</small>: synonym of Bolma johnstoni <small>(Odhner, 1923)</small>
  • Astraea lapidifera <small>Röding, 1798</small>: synonym of Xenophora (Xenophora) conchyliophora <small>(Born, 1780)</small>
  • Astraea latispina <small>(Philippi, 1844)</small>: synonym of Astralium latispina <small>(Philippi, 1844)</small>
  • Astraea longispina <small>Lamarck, 1822</small>: synonym of Lithopoma phoebium longispina <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
  • Astraea milloni <small>B. Salvat, F. Salvat & Richard, 1973</small>: synonym of Astralium milloni <small>(B. Salvat, F. Salvat & Richard, 1973)</small>
  • Astraea olfersii <small>(Philippi, 1846)</small>: synonym of Lithopoma americanum <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
  • Astraea olivacea <small>(W. Wood, 1828)</small>: synonym of Uvanilla olivacea <small>(W. Wood, 1828)</small>
  • Astraea papillatum <small>Potiez & Michaud, 1838</small>: synonym of Lithopoma tectum <small>(Lightfoot, 1786)</small>
  • Astraea persica <small>Dall, 1907</small>: synonym of Bolma persica <small>(Dall, 1907)</small>
  • Astraea petrothauma <small>Berry, 1940</small>: synonym of Megastraea turbanica <small>(Dall, 1910)</small>
  • Astraea phoebia <small>Röding, 1798</small>: synonym of Lithopoma phoebium <small>(Röding, 1798)</small>
  • Astraea polaris <small>Röding, 1798</small>: synonym of Stellaria solaris <small>(Linnaeus, 1764)</small>
  • Astraea rhodostoma <small>Lamarck, 1822</small>: synonym of Astralium rhodostomum <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
  • Astraea rugosa <small>(Linnaeus, 1767)</small>: synonym of Bolma rugosa <small>(Linnaeus, 1767)</small>
  • Astraea rupicollina <small>Stohler, 1959</small>: synonym of Megastraea turbanica <small>(Dall, 1910)</small>
  • Astraea semicostata <small>(Kiener, 1850)</small>: synonym of Astralium semicostatum <small>(Kiener, 1850)</small>
  • Astraea sirius <small>Hedley, C., 1923</small>: synonym of Astralium tentoriiforme <small>(Jonas, 1845)</small>
  • Astraea spirata <small>(Dall, 1911)</small>: synonym of Pomaulax spiratus <small>(Dall, 1911)</small>
  • Astraea sulcata <small>(Martyn, 1784)</small>: synonym of Cookia sulcata <small>(Lightfoot, 1786)</small>
  • Astraea tayloriana <small>(E. A. Smith, 1880)</small>: synonym of Bolma tayloriana <small>(E. A. Smith, 1880)</small>
  • Astraea tectum <small>Lightfoot, 1786</small>: synonym of Lithopoma tectum <small>(Lightfoot, 1786)</small>
  • Astraea tuber <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>: synonym of Lithopoma tuber <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
  • Astraea tuberosum: synonym of Astralium rhodostomum <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
  • Astraea undosa <small>(Wood, 1828)</small>: synonym for Lithopoma undosum <small>(Wood, 1828)</small>
  • Astraea unguis <small>(Wood, 1828)</small>: synonym of Uvanilla unguis <small>(W. Wood, 1828)</small>
  • Astraea venezuelensis <small>Flores & Caceres, 1984</small>: synonym of Lithopoma tuber <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>

References

  • Gofas, S.; Afonso, J.P.; Brandào, M. (Ed.). (S.a.). Conchas e Moluscos de Angola = Coquillages et Mollusques d'Angola. [Shells and molluscs of Angola]. Universidade Agostinho / Elf Aquitaine Angola: Angola. 140 pp.
  • Williams, S.T. (2007). Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592