Assimineidae is a family of small snails, also known as palmleaf snails, with an operculum, gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Truncatelloidea. Many of these very small snails live in intermediate habitats, being amphibious between saltwater and land; others live in freshwater.
Distribution
The distribution of the Assimineidae is worldwide. The oldest fossils are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber.
Ecology
Various species in this family occur in estuarine habitats, in salt marshes and in freshwater. Some are terrestrial or .
Description
The shell is small to medium large, more or less egg-conelike shaped. The apertural margin is simple. The operculum is in most cases horny.
Species in this family are characterized by rudimentary cephalic tentacles, a trunklike snout, a foot with a groove and rudimentary to absent ctenidium (a comb-like respiratory apparatus).
Taxonomy
The following three subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
- Subfamily Assimineidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856 - synonym: Synceratidae Bartsch, 1920
- Subfamily Ekadantinae Thiele, 1929 - synonyms: Paludinellidae Kobelt, 1878 (n.a.); Cyclotropidae Iredale, 1941
- Subfamily Omphalotropidinae Thiele, 1927 - Realiinae L. Pfeiffer, 1853 (inv.); Adelomorphinae Kobelt, 1906 (inv.); Garrettiinae Kobelt, 1906; Pseudocyclotini Thiele, 1929; Thaanumellinae Clench, 1946; Tutuilanidae Hubendick, 1952
Genera
Genera in the family Assimineidae include:
Genus â Laternoides <small>W. Yu & Y.-H. Xi, 1977</small>
subfamily Assimineinae
- Angustassiminea <small>Habe, 1943</small>
- Assiminea <small>Fleming, 1828</small> - type genus of Assimineidae, synonym: Assiminia
- Austropilula <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
- Aviassiminea <small>Fukuda & Ponder, 2003</small>
- Conassiminea <small>Fukuda & Ponder, 2006</small>
- Cryptassiminea <small>Fukuda & Ponder, 2005</small>
- Euassiminea <small>Heude, 1882</small>
- Macrassiminea <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
- Ovassiminea <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
- Pseudomphala <small>Heude, 1882</small>
- Sculptassiminea <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
subfamily Ekadantinae
- Acmella <small>Blanford, 1869</small>
- Cavernacmella <small>Habe, 1942</small>
- Cyclotropis <small>Tapparone Canefri, 1883</small>
- Ekadanta <small>Rao, 1928</small>
- Metassiminea <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
- Optediceros <small>Leith, 1853</small>
- Paludinella <small>Pfeiffer, 1841</small>
- Rugapedia <small>Fukuda & Ponder, 2004</small>
- Solenomphala <small>Heude, 1882</small>
- Taiwanassiminea <small>Kuroda & Habe, 1950</small>
subfamily Omphalotropidinae <small>Thiele, 1927</small> (synonym: Garrettiinae <small>Kobelt, 1906</small>)
- Allepithema <small>Tomlin, 1931</small>
- Anaglyphula <small>B. Rensch, 1932</small>
- Atropis <small>Pease, 1871</small>
- Austroassiminea <small>Solem, Girardi, Slack-Smith & Kendrick, 1982</small>
- Balambania <small>Crosse, 1891</small>
- Chalicopoma <small>Möllendorff, 1894</small>
- Conacmella <small>Thiele, 1925</small>
- Crossilla <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
- Cyclomorpha <small>Pease, 1871</small>
- Ditropisena <small>Iredale, 1933</small>
- Duritropis <small>Iredale, 1944</small>
- Electrina <small>Baird, 1850</small>
- Eussoia <small>Preston, 1912</small>
- Fijianella <small>C. M. Cooke & Clench, 1943</small>
- Garrettia <small>Paetel, 1873</small>
- Kubaryia <small>Clench, 1948</small>
- Leucostele <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
- Limborelia <small>Iredale, 1944</small>
- Nesopoma <small>Clench, 1958</small>
- Omphalotropis <small>Pfeiffer, 1851</small> - type genus of the subfamily Omphalotropidinae
- Opinorelia <small>Iredale, 1944</small>
- Paludinellassiminea <small>Habe, 1994</small>
- Ponapella <small>Clench, 1946</small>
- Pseudassiminea <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
- Pseudocyclotus <small>Thiele, 1894</small>
- Pseudogibbula <small>Dautzenberg, 1890</small>
- Quadrasiella <small>Moellendorff, 1894</small>
- Rapanella <small>Cooke & Clench, 1943</small>
- Rupacilla <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
- Scalinella <small>Pease, 1867</small>
- Schuettiella <small>Brandt, 1974</small>
- Setaepoma <small>Clench, 1955</small>
- Spiratropis <small>Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900</small>
- Suterilla <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
- Sychnotropis <small>Möllendorff, 1898</small>
- Telmosena <small>Iredale, 1944</small>
- Thaanumella <small>Clench, 1946</small>
- Turbacmella <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
- Tutuilana <small>Hubendick, 1952</small>
- Wrayanna <small>Clench, 1948</small>
incertae sedis:
- Assimineidae incertae sedis vulgaris Webster, 1905
- Assimineidae incertae sedis turrita <small>(W. H. Turton, 1932)</small> (taxon inquirendum)
- Assimineidae incertae sedis turritella <small>(W. H. Turton, 1932)</small> (taxon inquirendum)
Synonyms:
- Adelomorpha <small>Tapparone Canefri, 1886</small>: synonym of Pseudocyclotus <small>Thiele, 1894</small> (Invalid: Junior homonym of Adelomorpha <small>Snellen, 1885</small> [Lepidoptera])
- Adelostoma <small>E. A. Smith, 1885</small>: synonym of Pseudocyclotus <small>Thiele, 1894</small> (invalid: junior homonym of Adelostoma <small>Duponchel, 1827</small>)
- Assemania <small>Dollfus, 1912</small>: synonym of Assiminea <small>J. Fleming, 1828</small> (unjustified emendation)
- Assimania: synonym of Assiminea <small>J. Fleming, 1828</small> (incorrect spelling of genus name)
- Assiminella <small>Monterosato, 1906</small>: synonym of Paludinella <small>L. Pfeiffer, 1841</small> (unnecessary substitute name for Paludinella L. Pfeiffer, 1841)
- Assiminia <small>J. Fleming, 1828</small>: synonym of Assiminea <small>J. Fleming, 1828</small> (alternative original spelling [used in the index p. 557])
- Diadema <small>Pease, 1868</small>: synonym of Garrettia <small>Paetel, 1873</small> (invalid: junior homonym of Diadema <small>Gray, 1825</small>)
- Dramelia <small>Iredale, 1941</small>: synonym of Acmella <small>W. T. Blanford, 1869</small> (junior synonym)
- Heteropoma <small>Möllendorff, 1894</small>: synonym of Allepithema <small>Tomlin, 1931</small> (invalid: junior homonym of Heteropoma <small>Benson, 1856</small>; Allepithema is a replacement name)
- Paludinassiminea <small>Matsubayashi & Habe, 1990</small>: synonym of Solenomphala <small>Heude, 1882</small> (unavailable name: no type species designated)
- Tribe Pseudocyclotini <small>Thiele, 1929</small>: synonym of Omphalotropidinae <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
- Scalinella <small>Pease, 1868</small>: synonym of Omphalotropis <small>L. Pfeiffer, 1851</small>
- Stenotropis <small>Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1898</small>: synonym of Omphalotropis (Stenotropis) <small>Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1898</small> represented as Omphalotropis <small>L. Pfeiffer, 1851</small>
- Syncera <small>Gray, 1821</small> (nomen nudum)
References
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.
External links