The Asmat â Kamrau Bay languages are a family of a dozen TransâÂÂNew Guinea languages spoken by the Asmat and related peoples in southern Western New Guinea. They are believed to be a recent expansion along the south coast, as they are all closely related, and there is little differentiation in their pronouns.
Languages
The languages are:
Proto-language
Phonemes
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:
There is near complementary distribution between *p and *ø. *t and *d are marginal, appearing in only a few words. *r does not occur initially. There are no consonant clusters.
Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.
Pronouns
Ross (2005) reconstructs the proto-AsmatâÂÂKamoro pronouns as:
Usher (2020) reconstructs the free protoâÂÂAsmatâÂÂKamrau Bay pronouns as:
Basic vocabulary
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:
Evolution
Proto-Asmat-Kamoro reflexes (Voorhoeve 2005) of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma, as listed in Pawley & Hammarström (2018):
- *fiti 'fingernail' < pTNG *mb(i,u)t(i,u)C
- *isi 'mosquito' < *kasin
- *ese 'blood' < *kenja
- *masap or *masip 'saliva' < *si(mb,p)atV
- *yi 'urine' < *[si]si
- *asa 'excrement' < *asa
- *manaka 'eye' < *mun(a,e,i)ka
- *sisi 'tooth' < *(t,s)i(t,s)i
- *yirama 'night' < *k(i,u)tama
- *tama 'morning' < *k(i,u)tama
- *na- 'eat' < *na-
References
Bibliography
- Drabbe, Piet. 1953. Spraakkunst van de Kamoro-taal. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
- Drabbe, Piet. 1963. Drie Asmat-dialecten. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, No. 42. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
- Voorhoeve, C.L. 1965. The Flamingo Bay Dialect of the Asmat language. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, No. 46. The Hague.
- Voorhoeve, C.L. 1968. "The Central and South New Guinea Phylum: a report on the language situation in south New Guinea." Pacific Linguistics, Series A, No. 16: 1âÂÂ17. Canberra: The Australian National University.
- Voorhoeve, C.L. 1975. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist, Preliminary Classification, Language Maps, Wordlists. Pacific Linguistics, Series B, No. 31. Canberra: The Australian National University.
- Voorhoeve, C.L. 1980. The Asmat Languages of Irian Jaya. Pacific Linguistics, Series B, No. 64. Canberra: The Australian National University.
- Wurm, Stephan Adolphe. 1983. The Papuan Languages of Oceania. Ars Linguistica 7. Tübingen: Narr.
External links