The participation of Argentina in the OTI Festival began at the first OTI Festival in 1972. The Argentinian participating broadcasters were (ATC) and , which were members of the (OTI). They participated in twenty-seven of the twenty-eight editions, only missing the 1974 festival. They won the festival four times: in 1979, 1988, 1991, and 1994; and ATC hosted the event twice: in 1980 and 1988. All Argentinian entries were selected internally.
Argentina was one of the most successful countries in the history of the OTI Festival. The two broadcasters managed to win the contest on four occasions. The first win came in 1979 with the song "" sung by , which turned into a hit. Some years later, in 1988 they won the festival for second time with the song "" sung by . In 1991, they won for a third time with "" by Claudia Brant. Three years later, in 1994, the country won for fourth and last time with "" by Claudia Carenzio.
Apart from their victories, Argentina achieved second place on another four occasions: in 1981 with "Súbete a mi nube" by Marianella, in 1985 with "Y tu, prohibida" by Marcelo Alejandro, in 1996 with "Cuanto te amo" by Guillermo Guido, and in 1998 with "Sin amor" by Alicia Vignola. Argentina also achieved two third places in 1980 with "Dime adiós" by Luis Ordóñez and 1986 with "A ti no te ha dicho" by .
Guillermo Guido's three appearances are of note, as he returned to the event in 1996 and 2000 after his victory in 1988.