Appenzell Railways (, AB) is a Swiss railway company with headquarters in Herisau. It operates a network of railways and a bus line in the cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, St. Gallen and Thurgau.
It was founded in 2006 through the merger of the former Appenzeller Bahnen (founded in 1988) with the RorschachâÂÂHeiden railway, RheineckâÂÂWalzenhausen mountain railway and Trogenerbahn. In 2021, AB acquired the Frauenfeld-Wil railway.
The origins of the Appenzeller Bahnen company lies in a number of formerly independent companies and railway lines:
The Appenzellerbahn and Santisbahn merged in 1947, retaining the Appenzellerbahn (AB) identity. The St. GallenâÂÂGaisâÂÂAppenzell-Bahn and Altstätten-Gais-Bahn merged in 1948, under the name St. GallenâÂÂGaisâÂÂAppenzellâÂÂAltstätten-Bahn (SGA).
The Appenzeller Bahnen company was formed in 1988, with the merger of the Appenzellerbahn and the St. GallenâÂÂGaisâÂÂAppenzellâÂÂAltstätten-Bahn. In 2006, the Appenzeller Bahnen company merged with the RorschachâÂÂHeiden-Bergbahn, the RheineckâÂÂWalzenhausen-Bergbahn and the Trogenerbahn companies. In legal terms, this merger took the form of the Appenzeller Bahnen company acquiring the other companies.
In 2021 the company merged with Frauenfeld-Wil-Bahn AG, owner of the FrauenfeldâÂÂWil line. The two companies had shared operations for years.
Today, the company operates the following railway lines:
The St. GallenâÂÂGaisâÂÂAppenzell, GossauâÂÂAppenzellâÂÂWasserauen and AltstättenâÂÂGais lines form a connected network of lines, all electrified at 1500 V DC. The St. GallenâÂÂTrogen line is also of metre gauge, but ran independently until 2018.
From 2016 to 2018, the Appenzellerbahnen undertook a large construction project to connect the Appenzell-St. Gallen and St. Gallen-Trogen lines. The three points of incompatibility were electrification (the St. Gallen-Trogen line was 1000 V DC with a brief stretch at 600 V DC shared with the St. Gallen trolleybus system), different (but physically adjacent) termini in St. Gallen, and maximal grades (the rack railway approach to St. Gallen from Appenzell was too steep for adhesion-based St. Gallen-Trogen rolling stock). So the new project re-electrified the St. Gallen-Trogen line at 1500 V DC and constructed a new Ruckhalde tunnel through St. Gallen. The old alignment through St. Gallen closed in April 2018, and the system began through-running in October of the same year.
The RheineckâÂÂWalzenhausen and RorschachâÂÂHeiden lines are geographically separate from the rest of the network, and are of respectively and standard () gauges. The AltstaettenâÂÂGais, RheineckâÂÂWalzenhausen and RorschachâÂÂHeiden lines all have rack railway sections, whilst the GossauâÂÂAppenzellâÂÂWasserauen and AppenzellâÂÂSt. GallenâÂÂTrogen lines are adhesion only. Frauenfeld-Wil was cooperating closely, but legally distinct from 2003. It is not connected by tracks. 2021 they were taken over.
The company also operates a bus service from Teufen, on the St. GallenâÂÂGaisâÂÂAppenzell line, to Speicher, on the St. GallenâÂÂTrogen line. Night bus services are operated over the routes of the St. GallenâÂÂGaisâÂÂAppenzell and St. GallenâÂÂTrogen lines.
, Appenzell Railways (AB) operates eight regional train services that run on its own railway network. Trains operate as S-Bahn services (numbered 15, 20âÂÂ26 with "S" prefix) for St. Gallen S-Bahn (some also for Bodensee S-Bahn). In addition, AB also operate bus line 190.