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Anyphaenidae

Anyphaenidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called anyphaenid sac spiders or ghost spiders. They are distinguished from the sac spiders of the family Clubionidae and other spiders by having the abdominal spiracle placed one third to one half of the way anterior to the spinnerets toward the epigastric furrow on the underside of the abdomen. In most spiders the spiracle is just anterior to the spinnerets.

Like clubionids, anyphaenids have conical anterior spinnerets and are wandering predators that build silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark or under rocks. There are more than 600 species in over 50 genera worldwide.

The family is widespread and includes such common genera as Anyphaena (worldwide except tropical Africa and Asia) and Hibana (New World). Only one species (A. accentuata) occurs in northwestern Europe.

Species in the latter genus are important predators in several agricultural systems, especially tree crops. They are able to detect and feed on insect eggs, despite their poor eyesight. They share this ability at least with some miturgid spiders.

Genera

, this family includes 59 genera and 654 species:

  • Acanthoceto <small>Mello-Leitão, 1944</small> – South America
  • Aljassa <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – Colombia, Peru, Venezuela
  • Amaurobioides <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1883</small> – Namibia, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Chile
  • Anyphaena <small>Sundevall, 1833</small> – North Africa, Europe to Central Asia, Asia, North America, Peru
  • Anyphaenoides <small>Berland, 1913</small> – Costa Rica, Panama, South America, Leeward Antilles
  • Arachosia <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882</small> – Cuba, Panama, Mexico, United States, South America
  • Araiya <small>Ramírez, 2003</small> – Argentina, Chile
  • Australaena <small>Berland, 1942</small> – French Polynesia
  • Axyracrus <small>Simon, 1884</small> – Argentina, Chile
  • Aysenia <small>Tullgren, 1902</small> – Argentina, Chile
  • Aysenoides <small>Ramírez, 2003</small> – Argentina, Chile
  • Aysha <small>Keyserling, 1891</small> – Panama, South America
  • Bromelina <small>Brescovit, 1993</small> – Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
  • Buckupiella <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – Argentina, Brazil
  • Coptoprepes <small>Simon, 1884</small> – Argentina, Chile
  • Eldar <small>Oliveira & Brescovit, 2025</small> – Brazil
  • Ferrieria <small>Tullgren, 1901</small> – Argentina, Chile
  • Gamakia <small>Ramírez, 2003</small> – Chile
  • Gayenna <small>Nicolet, 1849</small> – Mexico, South America
  • Gayennoides <small>Ramírez, 2003</small> – Chile
  • Hatitia <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – South America
  • Hibana <small>Brescovit, 1991</small> – North America, South America, Ascension Islands
  • Iguarima <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – Brazil, Ecuador
  • Ilocomba <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – Colombia
  • Isigonia <small>Simon, 1897</small> – Panama, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela
  • Italaman <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – Argentina, Brazil, Colombia
  • Jessica <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – South America
  • Josa <small>Keyserling, 1891</small> – Costa Rica, South America
  • Katissa <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Lesser Antilles
  • Lepajan <small>Brescovit, 1993</small> – Panama, Ecuador
  • Lupettiana <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – North America, Brazil
  • Macrophyes <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893</small> – Costa Rica, Panama, Mexico, South America
  • Mesilla <small>Simon, 1903</small> – Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana
  • Monapia <small>Simon, 1897</small> – South America
  • Negayan <small>Ramírez, 2003</small> – Argentina, Chile, Peru, Falkland Islands
  • Osoriella <small>Mello-Leitão, 1922</small> – South America
  • Otoniela <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – South America
  • Oxysoma <small>Nicolet, 1849</small> – Argentina, Brazil, Chile
  • Patrera <small>Simon, 1903</small> – Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, South America
  • Phidyle <small>Simon, 1880</small> – Chile
  • Philisca <small>Simon, 1884</small> – Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands
  • Pippuhana <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – Panama, Mexico, United States, Brazil
  • Rathalos <small>Lin & Li, 2022</small> – China
  • Sanogasta <small>Mello-Leitão, 1941</small> – South America. Introduced to Easter Islands
  • Selknamia <small>Ramírez, 2003</small> – Argentina, Chile
  • Shuyushka <small>Dupérré & Tapia, 2016</small> – Ecuador
  • Sillus <small>F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900</small> – Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Mexico, Brazil, French Guiana
  • Sinophaena <small>Lin & Li, 2021</small> – China
  • Tafana <small>Simon, 1903</small> – South America, Guayana
  • Tasata <small>Simon, 1903</small> – South America
  • Temnida <small>Simon, 1896</small> – South America
  • Teudis <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896</small> – Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, South America
  • Thaloe <small>Brescovit, 1993</small> – Caribbean, US Virgin Islands
  • Timbuka <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – Costa Rica, Panama, Mexico, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador
  • Tomopisthes <small>Simon, 1884</small> – Argentina, Chile
  • Umuara <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – Brazil, Peru, Venezuela
  • Wulfila <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895</small> – North America, Central America, South America
  • Wulfilopsis <small>Soares & Camargo, 1955</small> – Brazil
  • Xiruana <small>Brescovit, 1997</small> – South America

References

External links