Antonio GarcÃÂa Gutiérrez (5 July 1813 â 6 August 1884) was a Spanish Romantic dramatist.
After having studied medicine in his native town, GarcÃÂa Gutiérrez moved to Madrid in 1833 and earned a meager living by translating plays of Eugène Scribe and Alexandre Dumas, père. Lacking success, he was on the point of enlisting when he suddenly sprang into fame as the author of a play called El trovador (The Troubadour), which was played for the first time on 1 March 1836. His next great success was Simón Bocanegra, in 1843. His PoesÃÂas (1840) and another volume of lyrics, Luz y tinieblas (1842), are comparatively minor, but the versification of his plays, and his power of analysing feminine emotions, have given GarcÃÂa Gutiérrez a leading position among the Spanish dramatists of the 19th century.
Although recognized as one of the leaders of the Romantic movement in Spain, his plays were not immediately lucrative, and GarcÃÂa Gutiérrez emigrated to Spanish America, working as a journalist in Cuba and Mexico, until 1850, when he returned to Spain.
After his return to Spain in 1850, however, GarcÃÂa Gutiérrez became known all over Europe through Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il trovatore (1853), adapted from El trovador. Verdi then adapted Simón Bocanegra into the opera Simon Boccanegra (1857).
The best works of his later period are a zarzuela titled El grumete (1853), La venganza catalana (1864), and Juan Lorenzo (1865). GarcÃÂa Gutiérrez became head of the archaeological museum at Madrid, the city where he died.