Antonina Niemiryczowa or Niemierzycowa, née Boà ¼eniec Jeà Âowicka (pseud. A.Z.I.N.L.O: Antonina Z Ieà Âowickich Niemiryczowa Litewska Oboà ºna, tr. Antonina née Ieà Âowicka Niemiryczowa Lithuanian Camp dweller c.1702 in Oà ¼enin, Ostróg - c.1780 in Lwów), a Polish Enlightenment noblewoman poet and translator. Along with Franciszka Urszula Radziwià Âà Âowa and Elà ¼bieta Druà ¼backa, she is considered a leading Polish poet of the age.
Born into an ancient Ruthenian-Polish ducal family on her father's estate in Koleà Âniki, Oà ¼enin near Ostróg, she was one of three children, the daughter of Józef Jeà Âowicki (1667âÂÂ1708), Court Swordbearer, promoted to Master of the hunt for Volhynia. Her mother was Konstancja née Zorzewska (or Zarzecka), formerly, Samuelowa Kaà Âusowska. Her paternal grandmother who was Zofia Hieronimowa Jeà Âowicka, née Kurdwanowska, left her granddaughter a "tidy sum" in 1704. She was tutored at home by an enlightened governor, possibly a Frenchman, brought in from Warsaw, originally to coach her older brother, Franciszek (b. 1699) who would later become a starosta in Nowosielsk. Her education was completed in the Bernardine convent in Lwów. She acquired fluent French and a thorough knowledge of the literature of France, the German speaking lands and of Italy. She was schooled in musical composition and in fine art.
In 1719 she married a wealthy landowner, Karol Józef Niemirycz, in Koleà Âniki. By 1724 her brother had settled a 30.000 zpn (zà Âotych polskich) dowry on the groom. She went to live with her husband in Czerniechów in Owrucz. In the 1730s they moved to Zoà Âotyjów near Równe. The couple managed large estates which grew larger following the purchase of Horoszki in the Zhytomyr powiat in 1749 and the deaths of the Niemirycz brothers. By 1749 they owned the township of Derezna in the Ostroga Ordynacja. The couple also owned a modern library of the time and shared a love of literature. Already in 1750 Antonina was a noted poet who had won the approval of luminaries including, Józef Aleksander Jabà Âonowski, Józef Andrzej Zaà Âuski and Jan Daniel Janocki, for the clarity and charm of her Polish language. She maintained a correspondence with Franciszka Urszula Radziwià Âà Âowa despite their differing tastes, the latter being more in favour of French Classicism, while Antonina preferred the Rococo style in all matters of art, in the manner of Elà ¼bieta Druà ¼backa. She also had the reputation of a demanding critic of the poetic art.
The couple shared half their revenues, at Antonina's instigation, with the Lwów Roman Catholic Cathedral, where their son, Fryderyk was a canon. They were involved in several court and tribunal proceedings in an effort to restore their reputation due to their alleged political defiance connected to the election of the Polish king. In another civil case they settled with their workers after a peasant revolt.
Karol Niemirycz died in 1755 and was buried on 9 June in Równe cemetery. Antonina now spent half her time in the country and half in the city setting of Lwów, with an additional two years in Warsaw, to gain access to the Court of Stanisà Âaw August Poniatowski. Her creativity continued and she is known to have won plaudits in January 1774, when Walenty Tepper, professor of Rhetoric of the Zamoyski Academy, dedicated his Wiersz smutny à ÂmieràmÃÂczeà Âskàà Âw. Jana Chrzciciela wyraà ¼ajàcy (1774), to her.