Antoine de Rivarol (26 June 175311 April 1801) was a French royalist writer and translator who lived during the Revolutionary era. He was briefly married to the translator Louisa Henrietta de Rivarol.
Biography
Rivarol was born in Bagnols, Languedoc. It appears that his father, an innkeeper, was a cultivated man. The son assumed the title of comte de Rivarol, asserting a connection with the noble Italian family Riveroli, although his enemies said his name was really "Riverot" and that he was not of noble stock. He went to Paris in 1777 and won several academic prizes.
In 1780 he married Louisa Henrietta de Rivarol, a translator of Scottish descent. She had translated some works by Samuel Johnson and Johnson had become a friend of her family. Antoine Rivarol abandoned his wife after a short relationship which resulted in the birth of a son. To Rivarol's embarrassment, a nurse who supported his abandoned wife was awarded the Montyon Prize for her humanity. He was divorced in 1784.
In 1784, his Discours sur l'Universalité de la Langue Française and his translation of Dante's Inferno were favourably noted. The year before the French Revolution broke out, he and Champcenetz published a lampoon, titled Petit Almanach de nos grands hommes pour 1788, that ridiculed without pity a number of writers of proven or future talent, along with a great many nobodies.
Rivarol was the foremost journalist, commentator and epigrammatist among that faction of aristocrats which was most stalwartly conservative: he heaped scorn upon republicanism and defended the Ancien Régime.
Rivarol's writing was published in the Journal Politique of Antoine Sabatier de Castres and the Actes des Apotres of Jean Gabriel Peltier. He left France in 1792, first settling in Brussels, then moving successively to London, Hamburg, and Berlin, where he died. Rivarol's rivals in France â in sharp conversational sayings â included Alexis Piron and Nicolas Chamfort.
His brother, Claude François Rivarol (1762âÂÂ1848), was also an author. His works include a novel, Isman, ou le Fatalisme (1795); a comedy, Le Véridique (1827); and the history Essai sur les Causes de la Révolution Française (1827).
He died as exile in Berlin and was interred in the Dorotheenstadt cemetery, but the site of his grave was soon forgotten.
Works
- (1782). Lettre Critique sur le Poème des Jardins.
- (1783). Lettre àM. le Président de *** sur le globe Airostatique, sur les Têtes Parlantes et sur lâÂÂÃÂtat Présent de lâÂÂOpinion Publique àParis.
- (1784). De lâÂÂUniversalité de la Langue Française.
- (1785). LâÂÂEnfer, Poème du Dante.
- (1787). Récit du Portier du Sieur Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais.
- (1788). Le Petit Almanach de nos Grands Hommes.
- (1788). Première Lettre àM. Necker, sur lâÂÂImportance des Opinions Religieuses.
- (1788). Seconde Lettre ÃÂ M. Necker sur la Morale.
- (1788). Le Songe dâÂÂAthalie (with Louis de Champcenetz).
- (1789). Mémoire sur la Nature et la Valeur de lâÂÂArgent.
- (1789). Le Petit Almanach de nos Grandes Femmes (with Louis de Champcenetz).
- (1789). Journal Politique-national des ÃÂtats-Généraux et de la Révolution de 1789.
- (1789). Adresse àMM. les Impartiaux ou Les Amis de la Paix Réunis chez Monseigneur le Duc de La Rochefoucault.
- (1790). Petit Dictionnaire des Grands Hommes de la Révolution (with Louis de Champcenetz).
- (1790). Triomphe de lâÂÂAnarchie.
- (1790). ÃÂpître de Voltaire àMlle Raucour, actrice du Théâtre-français.
- (1790). Le Petit Almanach de nos Grands-hommes.
- (1790). Réponse àla réponse de M. de Champcenetz au sujet de lâÂÂouvrage de madame la B. de S*** sur Rousseau.
- (1791). Essai sur la Nécessité du Mal.
- (1792). De la Vie Politique.
- (1792). Lettre àla Noblesse Française, au Moment de sa Rentrée en France sous les Ordres de M. le duc de Brunswick, Généralissime des Armées de lâÂÂEmpereur et du Roi de Prusse.
- (1792). Le Petit Almanach des Grands Spectacles de Paris.
- (1793). Adresse du Peuple Belge, àS. M. lâÂÂEmpereur.
- (1795). Histoire Secrète de Coblence dans la Révolution Française.
- (1797). Tableau Historique et Politique des Travaux de lâÂÂAssemblée Constituante, depuis lâÂÂOuverture des ÃÂtats Généraux jusquâÂÂaprès la Journée du 6 Octobre 1789.
- (1797). Discours Préliminaire du Nouveau Dictionnaire de la Langue Française.
- (1808). Ã
Âuvres Complètes, Précédées dâÂÂune Notice sur sa Vie [5 vol.].
References
Further reading
- Bauër, Gérard (1962). Les Moralistes Français: La Rochefoucauld; La Bruyère; Vauvenargues; Chamfort; Rivarol; Joubert. Paris: Editions A. Michel.
- Campbell, Gertrude E. (1892). "Rivarol," National Review, Vol. XIX, pp. 747âÂÂ761.
- Cointat, Michel (2003). Rivarol (1753âÂÂ1801): Un ÃÂcrivain Controversé. Paris: L'Harmattan.
- Coski, Christopher (2011). From Barbarism to Universality: Language and Identity in Early Modern France. University of South Carolina Press.
- Darnton, Robert (1982). The Literary Underground of the Old Regime. Harvard University Press.
- Debidour, Victor-Henry (1956). Rivarol, ÃÂcrits Politiques et Littéraires Choisis et Présentés. Paris: Grasset.
- De Lescure, Mathurin (1882). Rivarol et la Société Française pendant la Révolution et l'ÃÂmigration. Paris: E. Plon et Cie.
- Latzarus, Louis (1926). La Vie Paresseuse de Rivarol. Paris: Plon-Nourrit et Cie.
- Law, Reed G. (1959). "Rivarol's 'Morale Indépendante' and Pascal," Criticism 1 (3), pp. 249âÂÂ257.
- Le Breton, André (1895). Rivarol, sa Vie, ses Idées. Paris: Librairie Hachette et Cie.
- Lessay, Jean (1989). Rivarol, le Français par Excellence. Paris: Perrin.
- Matyaszewski, PaweÃ
 (1990). "Le Conservatisme ÃÂclairé de Rivarol," Revue d'Histoire littéraire de la France, 90e Année, No. 4/5, pp. 622âÂÂ630.
- McMahon, Darrin M. (2001). Enemies of the Enlightenment: The French Counter-Enlightenment and the Making of Modernity. Oxford University Press.
- Jünger, Ernest (1974). Rivarol et Autres Essais. Paris: Grasset.
- Roche, Alphonse Victor (1937). Les Idées Traditionalistes en France de Rivarol àCharles Maurras. The University of Illinois.
- Saintsbury, George (1892). "Chamfort and Rivarol." In: Miscellaneous Essays. London: Percival & Co., pp. 43âÂÂ80.
- Treich, Léon (1926). LâÂÂEsprit de Rivarol. Paris: Gallimard.
External links