Princess Anna Paulina JabÃ
Âonowska née Sapieha (22 June 1728, WoÃ
Âpa - 7 February 1800) was a Polish magnate and politician. She was known for her remarkable activity on her estates, in which she introduced social inventions as well as industry. She was also known for her scientific interests, and possessed a naturalist collection famed in contemporary Europe. She has been referred to as one of the most significant women of 18th-century Poland.
Life
Princess Anna JabÃ
Âonowska was the daughter of Prince Kazimierz Leon Sapieha (1697âÂÂ1738) and his wife, Princess Karolina Teresa Radziwill (1707-1765). In 1750, she married Prince Jan Kajetan JabÃ
Âonowski (1699-1764), governor of BracÃ
Âaw.
Political activity
After having been widowed in 1764, Anna JabÃ
Âonowska actively engaged in Polish politics. She belonged to the opposition of king StanisÃ
Âaw August Poniatowski and supported the Bar Confederation (1768-1772) at the courts of Vienna and Paris, where she travelled in 1769 to act as an informal diplomat, returning to Poland in 1771. After the failure of the Bar Confederation, however, she acknowledged its defeat, reconciled with the king and retired from political life to concentrate on her domains.
Social action and entrepreneurship
Anna JabÃ
Âonowska devoted herself to managing her domains as a magnate. She followed a policy of social action to improve the life of the population in the cities and villages on her estates. She abolished Socage in favour of Quit-rent for the peasants and other tenants, built hospitals and founded textile and other factories. Because of her concern for efficient management in her vast domains, she developed a system of procedures to clarify the duties of officials employed in Siemiatycze, Kock and Wysocko.
She was particularly interested in developing the cities of Podlasie, Volhynia, Siemiatycze and Kock. In Siemiatycze, she founded a government building, a printing press, a Midwifery school and factories, making Siemiatycze a regional trading and industrial center. She also introduced a type of loan fund for peasants.
Scientific activity
In Kock, she rebuilt the existing palace to an impressive residence, which she made in to a center of science. Known for her interest in science, Anna JabÃ
Âonowska invited foreign scientists to Kock, which became famous in contemporary Europe for her library and naturalist collection, referred to as one of the best in Europe.
Works
- Ustawy powszechne dla dóbr moich rzÃÂ
dców, t. 1âÂÂ7, Siemiatycze 1783âÂÂ1785; wyd. nastÃÂpne: t. 1âÂÂ8, Warszawa 1786 (2 wydania)
- PorzÃÂ
dek robót miesiÃÂcznych ogrodnika na caÃ
Ây rok wypisany i na miesiÃÂ
ce podzielony, Siemiatycze 1786; wyd. nastÃÂpne: wyd. 2 Warszawa 1787; wyd. 3, 1792
- KsiÃÂga ekonomiczna na trzy czÃÂÃ
Âci podzielona, rÃÂkopis: Ossolineum, sygn. 3705/III
- Physiologia albo krótko zebrane lekcje elementarne o naturze i wÃ
ÂasnoÃ
Âciach duszy, Siemiatycze 1786; wyd. 2 ze zmienionÃÂ
w czÃÂÃ
Âci egzemplarzy kartÃÂ
tytuÃ
ÂowÃÂ
: Psychologia..., Warszawa 1786, (autorstwo przekÃ
Âadu przypisuje jej Estreicher)
- Do J. A. JabÃ
Âonowskiego z roku 1762, rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 1136
- Korespondencja z J. A. JabÃ
Âonowskim z lat 1763âÂÂ1764, rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 1153
- Do StanisÃ
Âawa Augusta z lat 1764âÂÂ1780, rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 665
- Listy z okresu konfederacji barskiej w zbiorze A. KrasiÃ
Âskiego, rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 948
- Do J. A. JabÃ
Âonowskiego z roku 1771, rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 1156
- Do StanisÃ
Âawa Augusta 2 listy z lat: 1770, 1792; rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 727
- Do J. A. JabÃ
Âonowskiego (przed rokiem 1777), rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 845
- Do StanisÃ
Âawa Augusta 9 listów z lat: 1780âÂÂ1784; rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 666
- Do StanisÃ
Âawa Augusta 3 listy z lat: 1780âÂÂ1786 oraz dokumenty urzÃÂdowe; rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 697
- Do StanisÃ
Âawa Augusta 2 listy z lat: 1786âÂÂ1787; rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 699
- Do StanisÃ
Âawa Augusta 3 listy z lat: 1787âÂÂ1792; rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 732
- Do StanisÃ
Âawa Augusta z roku 1792, rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 922
- Listy w zbiorze A. z Potockich Branickiej, rÃÂkopis: Archiwum GÃ
Âówne Akt Dawnych (Archiwum Wilanowskie)
- Korespondencja w zbiorach byÃ
Âego Ossolineum Lwowskiego (Archiwum Sapiehów, teka 32)
- Ustawy dla mego rzÃÂ
dcy, rÃÂkopis: Biblioteka Czartoryskich, sygn. 1508
- Akta i róÃ
¼ne materiaÃ
Ây, rÃÂkopisy: Ossolineum, sygn.: 5429/III, 5772/II
References
Bibliography
- Janina Bergerówna: KsiÃÂÃ
¼na pani na Kocku i Siemiatyczach. Lwów: 1936, s. 38âÂÂ40.