àngermanland ( <small>or</small> ) is a historical province (landskap) in the northern part of Sweden. It is bordered (clockwise from the north) by Swedish Lapland, Västerbotten, the Gulf of Bothnia, Medelpad and Jämtland.
The name is derived from the Old Norse anger, which means "deep fjord" and is a reference to the deep mouth of the àngerman River (àngermanälven). The Latin name of the province is .
The traditional provinces of Sweden, while remaining culturally and historically important, no longer serve as administrative or political entities. The heartlands of àngermanland lie in today's Västernorrland County, with the remainder of the traditional province now forming part of Västerbotten and Jämtland Counties.
The heraldic description of the arms of ÃÂ ngermanland is: Azure three Salmons naiant Argent finned Gules, the middle one counternaiant, which heraldic meaning is that the rivers have spawning grounds for salmon, i.e. two fish to the sea for each one up the river. The burgh of Peebles in Scotland also has a very similar coat of arms, with similar heraldic context but with a red background. The ÃÂ ngermanland arms differ from those of Laholm in Halland County and of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in England, where salmon fishing and processing have been historically important, each of which have their three salmon naiant.
ÃÂ ngermanland is the sixth largest of Sweden's provinces with an area of some 19,800 km<sup>2</sup>, of which around 1,000 km<sup>2</sup> is water.
The nature of the western part of àngermanland is greatly influenced by the presence of the àngerman River. Although the province's soils are in general too barren for cultivation, there is arable farming in the areas adjoining the rivers â the àngerman River in particular.
The coast of àngermanland is mountainous and features an extensive archipelago with many steep islands, deep bays and fjords â among them the mouth of the àngerman River. The landscape is generally accounted picturesque, particularly in the thickly wooded àdalen region around the àngerman River. The landscape is varied, with valleys, rocks, and bogs.
The largest town today is ÃÂrnsköldsvik, on the coast, with around 33,000 inhabitants. It is followed by Härnösand with 18,000.
The coast line on the Gulf of Bothnia, called the Höga Kusten, has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The land still rises at the rate of about one centimetre per year, as an effect of the last ice age that ended in the 7th millennium BC.
The population of ÃÂ ngermanland is 130 923 as of December 31, 2019. It is distributed over three counties as follows:
àngermanland is mentioned the first time in Historia Norwegie as "Angariuam", in 1170. It is thought to have been Christianised in the 12th century, as several runestones were erected in the 11th century. The pirates known as Victual Brothers besieged the Styresholm Fortress in 1398, holding the whole coast of Norrland. The Styresholm Fortress was however demolished in 1434 by the locals during the Engelbrekt Uprising. In 1490, districts àngermanland, Alir, Sunded, Nordanstig and Medelpad constituted Storhälsingland. Härnösand receives city status in 1585. In 1721 Härnösand was burned to the ground by the Imperial Russian Navy.
In 1931 four demonstrators and one bypassing were shot to death in the àdalen shootings. It resulted in the forming of the state police, stripping the military of policiary work. Lower Norrland received its first university in 2005 when the Mitthögskolan transformed into the Mid Sweden University (Mittuniversitetet). The university has its courses spread over four cities; Härnösand, Sundsvall, ÃÂrnsköldsvik and ÃÂstersund.
ÃÂ ngermanland was historically divided into chartered cities and districts.
Football in the province is administered by àngermanlands Fotbollförbund. Ice hockey is also popular, with Modo Hockey.