Amphicynodontidae

Amphicynodontidae is a probable clade of extinct arctoids. While some researchers consider this group to be an extinct subfamily of bears, a variety of morphological evidence links amphicynodontines with pinnipeds, as the group were semi-aquatic otter-like mammals. In addition to the support of the pinniped–amphicynodontine clade, other morphological and some molecular analyses support bears being the closest living relatives to pinnipeds. According to McKenna and Bell (1997) Amphicynodontinae are classified as stem-pinnipeds in the superfamily Phocoidea. Fossils of these mammals have been found in Europe, North America and Asia. Amphicynodontines should not be confused with Amphicyonids (bear-dogs), a separate family of Carnivora which is a sister clade to arctoids within the caniforms, but which may be listed as a clade of extinct arctoids in older publications.

Systematics

• Family †Amphicynodontidae <small>Simpson, 1945</small>
• †Allocyon <small>Merriam, 1930</small>
• †Allocyon loganensis <small>Merriam, 1930</small>
• †Amphicynodon <small>Filhol, 1881</small>
• †Amphicynodon brachyrostris <small>(Filhol, 1876)</small>
• †Amphicynodon cephalogalinus <small>Teilhard, 1915</small>
• †Amphicynodon chardini <small>Cirot and De Bonis, 1992</small>
• †Amphicynodon crassirostris <small>(Filhol, 1876)</small>
• †Amphicynodon gracilis <small>(Filhol, 1874)</small>
• †Amphicynodon leptorhynchus <small>(Filhol, 1874)</small>
• †Amphicynodon mongoliensis <small>Janovskaja, 1970</small>
• †Amphicynodon teilhardi <small>Matthew and Granger, 1924</small>
• †Amphicynodon typicus <small>Schlosser, 1888</small>
• †Amphicynodon velaunus <small>(Aymard, 1846)</small>
• †Amphicticeps <small>Matthew and Granger, 1924</small>
• †Amphicticeps dorog <small>Wang et al., 2005</small>
• †Amphicticeps makhchinus <small>Wang et al., 2005</small>
• †Amphicticeps shackelfordi <small>Matthew and Granger, 1924</small>
• †Drassonax <small>Galbreath, 1953</small>
• †Drassonax harpagops <small>Galbreath, 1953</small>
• †Kolponomos <small>Stirton, 1960</small>
• †Kolponomos clallamensis <small>Stirton, 1960</small>
• †Kolponomos newportensis <small>Tedford et al., 1994</small>
• †Pachycynodon <small>Schlosser, 1888</small>
• †Pachycynodon boriei <small>(Filhol, 1876)</small>
• †Pachycynodon crassirostris <small>Schlosser, 1888</small>
• †Pachycynodon filholi <small>Schlosser, 1888</small>
• †Pachycynodon tenuis <small>Teilhard de Chardin, 1915</small>
• †Wangictis <small>de Bonis et al., 2019</small>
• †Wangictis tedfordi <small>(Wang & Qiu, 2003)</small>

References