"All Quiet Along the Potomac," originally titled "The Picket Guard," is an 1861 poem by American writer Ethel Lynn Beers. Set somewhere along the titular Potomac River during the American Civil War, the poem follows a lone picket longing for home while on nighttime guard duty before he is shot by an unseen enemy.
The poem was first published as "The Picket Guard" in the Harper's Weekly issue dated November 30, 1861. It attributed only to "E.B." It was reprinted broadly both with that attribution and without, leading to many spurious claims of authorship. Among those claiming authorship was Lamar Fontaine, then a private in the CSA. On July 4, 1863, Harper's Weekly told its readers that the poem had been written for the paper by a lady contributor whom it later identified as Beers.
The poem was based on newspaper reports of "all is quiet tonight", which was based on official telegrams sent to the Secretary of War by Major-General George B. McClellan following the First Battle of Bull Run. In September 1861, Beers noticed that one report was followed by a small item telling of a picket being killed. She wrote the poem that same morning.
"The Picket-Guard", Harper's Weekly, 1861: <blockquote></blockquote>
In 1863, the poem was set to music by John Hill Hewitt, himself a poet, newspaperman, and musician. The song was popularized by Hewitt as he traveled with the Queen Sisters as their songwriter, so popular that the publisher needed to go through five printings of the sheet music. As Hewitt developed into the "Bard of the Stars and Bars" and his music added a pro-Southern/Confederate sentiment, the song and poem within became known to pro-Confederate audiences as well as pro-Union ones.
The song may have inspired the title of the English translation of Erich Maria Remarque's World War I novel All Quiet on the Western Front. The poem and song were adapted into a 1913 American silent film titled The Picket Guard, directed by Allan Dwan and starring Wallace Reid as the picket guard.