Alfred René Jean Paul Ubbelohde FRS (1907âÂÂ1988) was a Belgian-born English physical chemist.
Alfred Ubbelohde (usually known as Paul) was born In Antwerp on 14 December 1907, the third son of François Christian J. Ubbelohde, a merchant, and Angele (née Verspreeuwen). The family moved to England at the outbreak of the first world war. Paul contracted polio just a few months later, leaving him a stoop and a paralysed right arm. He was naturalized British in his mid-twenties.
Ubbelohde attended Colet Court school in Barnes, London from 1920, and then St PaulâÂÂs. He was interested in chemistry, pure mathematics and English literature. He chose chemistry and won a scholarship to Christ Church, Oxford from where he graduated with First Class Honours in 1930.
Ubbelohde spent five more years at Oxford, undertaking postgraduate research at the Clarendon with Sir Alfred Egerton, FRS. They published together on the occlusion of hydrogen by palladium. and the oxidation of hydrocarbons.
During his time at Oxford, Ubbelohde spent a year (1931âÂÂ32) in the laboratory of Professor Arnold Eucken at the Institut für physikalische Chemie, Göttingen. During this time with he spent time with Max Born and was also able to go through âÂÂthe entire Leiden glass-blowing course after working hoursâÂÂ.
In 1936, Paul Ubbelohde was awarded the Dewar Fellowship of the Royal Institution (RI), then under the direction of Sir William Bragg. Here he met many talented scientists, including Kathleen Lonsdale, John Monteath Robertson and Hermann Arthur Jahn. He often declared that âÂÂthe most formative period of his scientific life was spent at the Royal InstitutionâÂÂ. Another key contact at the RI was Sir Robert Robinson. In 1939, the Royal Arsenal was vulnerable to enemy attack, and so the Research Department was dispersed to University College, Swansea. Robertson (then aged 70) left the RI to take charge of it. Ubbelohde joined him in June 1940; he was Principal Experimental Officer in charge of a group working on the theory and practice of explosion and detonation.
In 1945, shortly after VE Day, UbbohdeâÂÂs war work came to an end, and he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Queen's University Belfast. Here âÂÂhe built up a vibrant department of physical chemistry. His own research included transport properties and the combustion of gaseous hydrocarbons; the diffusion, ultrasonic dispersion and viscosity of liquids; and the interaction of alkali metals with aromatic hydrocarbons. He also studied the intercalation of guest species by graphitic hostsâÂÂ.
In 1954 Ubbelohde moved from Belfast to take up the position of Professor of Thermodynamics at Imperial College London, accompanied by a number of junior colleagues and students from QueenâÂÂs. In 1961 he became Head of Department, a post which he held until his retirement in 1975. During his time at Imperial UbbelohdeâÂÂs researches covered a wide range, including carbon, graphite and intercalation compounds; pyrolytic graphites; ionic melts; and detonation.
In his memoir on Ubbelohde Felix Weinberg stated that âÂÂAlthough a few friends were privileged to remain close to him from his youth and benefited from his kindness, Paul Ubbelohde remained a very private person throughout his life and many of his colleagues never felt quite at ease with him. âÂÂHe was the one Governor (of St PaulâÂÂs School) whom I knew longestâ wrote the late Dr M A Grace, FRS, âÂÂbut about whom I knew least. His conversation was wide-ranging - physics, food, wine, pigs, farming, art, etc., but rarely about peopleâÂÂâÂÂ.
The Times obituary noted that:
Source:
When Paul Ubbelohde became well-established as Head of Department at Imperial College he advertised for a departmental secretary. He needed âÂÂa secretary or personal assistant who firmly controls access and rations unexpected intrusions [â¦] Miss Georgina Greene acquired world-wide renown for her effectiveness in that role during UbbelohdeâÂÂs period at Imperial College. One scientist who knew her reported that âÂÂUbbelohdeâÂÂs dazzling and formidable secretary Georgina Greene became a dominating influence in the Department. Georgina had a two-way mirror connecting her office with that of Ubbelohde and vetted all those who wanted to speak to the head of DepartmentâÂÂ. Gay notes that "She wielded power over the staff and was understandably resented".
Some years earlier, Miss Greene was involved in an unfortunate episode. In February 1957 Lord Worsley (John Edward Pelham, the 7th Earl of Yarborough) announced his forthcoming marriage to Georgina,âÂÂsecretary to a professor in LondonâÂÂ. Less than two months later it was announced, without explanation, that the marriage would not now take place. On 12 December of that year Lord Worsley married Florence Ann Petronel Duffin (née Upton) at Caxton Hall.
Greene was born in Abbeyleix, Ireland in 1925. She was given considerable responsibility while working for Ubbelohde. She worked with Dudley Maurice Newitt on the design and decoration of the Senior Common Room in the Roderick Hill building. She also recollected that âÂÂProfessor Ubbelohde required a large house, not least âÂÂto keep all his books inâÂÂ. The 17th century Platts Farm nestles in the beautiful rolling Sussex countryside with Rudyard KiplingâÂÂs house just visible on the horizon. [She] was left to bid for the farm during one of Professor UbbelohdeâÂÂs absences in South America and was so confident of his approval that she exceeded the previously agreed maximum by a generous marginâÂÂ.
Paul Ubbelohde obviously thought so highly of Georgina Green that he left her all his silver plate, his car and ã20,000. She in turn left in her will to âÂÂThe Worshipful Company of Mercers for the Ubbelohde Fund in appreciation of the life of H. E. Professor A R J P Ubbelohde CBE FRS the sum of ã30,000âÂÂ.
Miss Georgina Mary Greene died on 9 April 2015 at the White Lodge Care Home in Braydon, Wiltshire; she left an estate with a net worth of ã1,480,000. Georgina was buried, as directed in her will, at the church of the Blessed Mary and St Nicholas in Etchingham, Sussex. She is in an unmarked grave to the right of that of her former employer, Professor Ubbelohde, placed there at her request. "Georgina Greene is remembered in Etchingham for her very generous donation to the Church ... It allowed us to redecorate the interior of our beautiful Grade I listed building".
The Fund (more properly, the Ubbelohde Bequest) was left to the Company by Professor Ubbelohde under his will. The Bequest was itself registered as a separate charity in December 1995, with the Mercersâ Company as corporate trustee. The charity number was 1051484 and was for the advancement of secondary education in England and in particular for the benefit of St PaulâÂÂs School. Grants to St PaulâÂÂs School were paid regularly through the 1990s and early 2000s. In 2016 the charityâÂÂs assets were transferred to St PaulâÂÂs School.
A memorial service for Professor Paul Ubbelohde was held at the Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm Street on 24 May 1988. A message from Pope John Paul II was read by Georgina Greene. For several years afterwards, on his birthday, she published in The Times a message remembering him.
Among the many distinguished guests attending the service were the Comte and Comtesse Armand de Malherbe. The Comtesse was formerly Angela, daughter of Alberto Julio Ubbelohde, brother of Paul, who lived in the United States. Angela, whose home was in New Canaan, married the Comte in Marçon, Sarthe on 30 June 1956. Another daughter, Marie Thérèse Ubbelohde (Vicomtesse Ogier dâÂÂIvry), and her husband also attended.