Al-QÃÂdisiyyah () is a historical city in southern Mesopotamia, southwest of al-Hillah and al-Kà «fah in Iraq. It is most famous as the site of the Battle of al-QÃÂdisiyyah in , in which an Arab Muslim army defeated a larger Sasanian army.
Prior to the Arab conquest, al-QÃÂdisiyyah was but a small village on the western side of the Euphrates River, near an old castle at `Udhayb, and was possibly part of the Wall of the Arabs. However, during the centuries that followed, al-QÃÂdisiyyah grew in size and importance and was a noted stop along very important highways of commerce that led to Baghdad and Mecca.
Al-QÃÂdisiyyah was the scene of a decisive battle in the conquest of Persia by the Arabs around 636. The Muslim troops of the caliph `Omar led by Sa`d ibn Abë WaqqÃÂs despite their outnumbered forces defeated the army of the Sassanid emperor Yazdgard III, led by Rostam FarrokhzÃÂd. The battle of Al-QÃÂdisiyyah would later be depicted in a manuscript of Shahnameh, a national epic authored by the Persian poet Ferdowsi.
Another QÃÂdisiyyah existed on the Tigris River, off the road between Baghdad and Samarra, not very far from the Euphrates city. Both cities are recorded in the geographies of Ibn Khordadbeh.