Ahmad al-Maqqari

AÃ¡Â¸Â¥mad ibn MuÃ¡Â¸Â¥ammad al-MaqqarÃÂ« al-TilmisÃÂnÃÂ« (or al-MaÃ¡Â¸Â³Ã¡Â¸Â³arÃÂ«) (), (1577-1632) was an Algerian scholar, biographer and historian who is best known for his , a compendium of the history of Al-Andalus which provided a basis for the scholarly research on the subject until the twentieth century.

Life

A native of Tlemcen and from a prominent intellectual family originally from the village of Maqqara, near M'sila in Algeria. After his early education in Tlemcen, al-Maqqari travelled to Fes in Morocco and then to Marrakesh, following the court of Ahmad al-Mansur. On al-Mansur's death in 1603, al-Maqqari established himself in Fes, where he was the imam of the Qarawiyyin Mosque.

In 1617, he left for the East, possibly following a quarrel with the local ruler, and took up residence in Cairo, where he composed his best known work, NafÃ¡Â¸Â¥ al-Ã¡Â¹ÂÃÂ«b.

In 1620, he visited Jerusalem and Damascus, and made five pilgrimages over six years. At Mecca and Medina he gave popular lectures on Ã¡Â¸Â¥adÃÂ«th. In 1628, he was again in Damascus, where he continued his lectures on Muhammad al-Bukhari's collection of Ã¡Â¸Â¤adÃÂ«th ('Traditions'), and spoke much of the glories of Muslim Iberia, and received the impulse to write his work on this subject later. That year he returned to Cairo and spent a year in writing his history of Spain. Surviving manuscripts are now held in part at El Escorial, near Madrid. He died in 1632 during preparations to settle in Damascus.

Works

Rawdat al-As al-'Aatirat al-Anfaas fi Dhikar men Laqaituhu min Aa'alaam Marrakesh wa Fes () - The Garden of Myrtle of Aromatic Scents and the Memories of The Scholars (ulema) Whom I Met in the Two Metropolises: Marrakesh and Fes. Al-MaqqarÃÂ« dedicated this to his patron Ahmad al-Mansur.
() - The Breath of Perfume from the Branch of Flourishing Al-Andalus and Memories of its Vizier Lisan ud-Din ibn ul-Khattib. His great work consists of two parts:

i) a history of Muslim Iberia compiled from descriptions by many authors; published by William Wright, Christoph Krehl, Reinhart Dozy and Gustave Dugat as Analectes sur l'histoire et la littÃÂ©rature des Arabes d'Espagne (1855Ã¢ÂÂ1861), and in an abridged English translation by Pascual de Gayangos, The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain, Volume 1 (1840) and Volume 2 (1843);

ii) a biography of Ibn al-Khatib. A complete Arabic edition was published at Bulaq (1863), Cairo (1885) and Beirut (1968). A complete English translation is yet to be published.

Azhar al-Riyad fi Akhbar al-Qadi 'Ayyad (ÃÂ£ÃÂ²ÃÂÃÂ§ÃÂ± ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ±ÃÂÃÂ§ÃÂ¶ ÃÂÃÂ ÃÂ£ÃÂ®ÃÂ¨ÃÂ§ÃÂ± ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂÃÂ§ÃÂ¶ÃÂ ÃÂ¹ÃÂÃÂ§ÃÂ¶)

Editions

Al-Makkari, ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂÃÂ³ÃÂ ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ£ÃÂÃÂ ÃÂÃÂ ÃÂÃÂªÃÂ§ÃÂ¨ ÃÂÃÂÃÂ ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ·ÃÂÃÂ¨, ÃÂÃÂ ÃÂºÃÂµÃÂ ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ£ÃÂÃÂ¯ÃÂÃÂ³ ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ±ÃÂ·ÃÂÃÂ¨, ÃÂ ÃÂ°ÃÂÃÂ± ÃÂÃÂ²ÃÂÃÂ±ÃÂÃÂ§ ÃÂÃÂ³ÃÂ§ÃÂ ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ¯ÃÂÃÂ ÃÂ¨ÃÂ ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ®ÃÂ·ÃÂÃÂ¨ ÃÂÃÂ£ÃÂ¨ÃÂ ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ¹ÃÂ¨ÃÂ§ÃÂ³ ÃÂ£ÃÂÃÂÃÂ¯ ÃÂ¨ÃÂ ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂ¯ ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂ±ÃÂ [al-Qism al-awwal min kitÃÂb nafÃ¡Â¸Â¥ al-Ã¡Â¹ÂÃÂ«b, min ghuÃ¡Â¹Â£n al-Andalus al-raÃ¡Â¹ÂÃÂ«b, wa-dhikr wazÃÂ«rihÃÂ LisÃÂn al-DÃÂ«n ibn al-KhaÃ¡Â¹ÂÃÂ«b li-AbÃÂ« al-ÃÂ»AbbÃÂs AÃ¡Â¸Â¥mad ibn MuÃ¡Â¸Â¥ammad al-MaqarrÃÂ«]/Analectes sur l'histoire et la littÃÂrature des Arabes d'Espagne, ed. by R. Dozy and G. Dugat, L. Krehl and W. Wright, 2 vols in four parts (Leiden: Brill, 1855Ã¢ÂÂ61), 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 (edition of the nafÃ¡Â¸Â¥ al-Ã¡Â¹ÂÃÂ«b)
al-MaqqarÃÂ±ÃÂ, NafÃ¡Â¸Â¥ al-Ã¡Â¹Â¬ÃÂ±ÃÂb min GhuÃ¡Â¹Â£n al-Andalus al-RaÃ¡Â¹ÂÃÂ±ÃÂb, ed. by I. Ã¢ÂÂAbbÃÂs (Beirut: DÃÂr Ã¡Â¹Â¢ÃÂdir, 1968)

Notes

1.NafÃ¡Â¸Â¥ al-Ã¡Â¹ÂÃÂ«b min ghuÃ¡Â¹Â£n al-Andalus al-raÃ¡Â¹ÂÃÂ«b wa-dhikr waziriha LisÃÂn al-DÃÂ«n ibn al-KhaÃ¡Â¹ÂÃÂ«b ()

References

Al-Maqqari's "Breath Of Perfumes", in: Charles F. Horne, Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East: Medieval Arabic, Moorish, and Turkish, .
Online:

External links