Abu Shama

Abū Shāma Shihāb al-Dīn al-Maḳdisī (10 January 1203 – 13 June 1267) was an Arab historian.

Abū Shāma was born in Damascus, where he passed his whole life save for one year in Egypt, a fortnight in Jerusalem and two pilgrimages to the Ḥijāz. He was an eyewitness to and provides the most precise information about the siege of Damascus in May–June 1229. He received a diverse Sunnī education and wrote on a variety of topics. In 1263, he became a professor in the Damascene madrasas of al-Rukniyya and al-Ashrafiyya. He died five years later in Damascus.

Five works by Abū Shāma survive. All the rest have been lost, some in a fire that destroyed his library. He is best known today for his three historical writings, especially his two volumes on Syria in the Zengid and Ayyubid periods:

• Kitāb al-rawḍatayn fÄ« akhbār al-dawlatayn al-NÅ«riyya wa-l-á¹¢alāḥiyya (The Book of the Two Gardens, Concerning Affairs of the Reigns of NÅ«r al-DÄ«n and á¹¢alāḥ al-DÄ«n), a chronological account of the reigns of NÅ«r al-DÄ«n (1146–1174) and á¹¢alāḥ al-DÄ«n (1174–1193). He is careful to cite his sources. His main ones are al-Barḳ al-ShāmÄ« of Ê¿Imād al-DÄ«n al-Iá¹£fahānÄ«, SÄ«rat á¹¢alāḥ al-DÄ«n of Ibn AbÄ« Ṭayy and the epistles (Rasāʾil) of al-Ḳāḍī al-Fāḍil. He usually quotes his sources verbatim, with the exception of Ê¿Imād al-DÄ«n.
• al-Dhayl Ê¿alaʾl-rawḍatayn (Sequel to the Two Gardens), a continuation of the previous work down to contemporary events. His main source in the first part is the Mirʾāt al-Zamān of Sibá¹­ ibn al-JawzÄ« and in the second part himself as eyewitness.
• TaʾrÄ«kh Dimashḳ (History of Damascus), a summary of the eponymous work of Ibn Ê¿Asākir (died 1175). It survives in two versions.

Abū Shāma's works are important sources for the history of the Crusades. There are partial translations in French and German. Abū Shāma also wrote commentaries on:

• the Ḳaṣīda al-Shāṭibiyya of al-ShāṭibÄ« (died 1194)
• seven poems on Muḥammad by his teacher Ê¿Alam al-DÄ«n al-SakhāwÄ« (died 1245)

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