The 26th Air Defense Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was activated in 1959 as the 26th Air Defense Missile Squadron to provide missile air defense for New England and was stationed at Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts, where it was inactivated on 30 April 1972. It received its current name in 1985. when it was consolidated with the 26th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, a World War II unit that provided reconnaissance support for ground units in training until it was disbanded in 1943.
The first predecessor of the squadron was activated at Gray Field, Washington in March 1942 as the 26th Observation Squadron and assigned to the 70th Observation Group. It was initially equipped with North American O-47s. The squadron participated in maneuvers and provided reconnaissance support for Army ground forces training in the Pacific coast region. Until September 1942, the squadron also flew antisubmarine patrols off the coast.
In 1943, the squadron began to fly Bell P-39 Airacobras, becoming the 26th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter). With these aircraft it added fighter support to its training mission. In the spring of 1943, it moved with the 70th Group to Salinas Army Air Base, California. It became the 26th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron in August, but continued its mission from Pacific bases until moving to Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma in November 1943, where it was disbanded.
The 26th Air Defense Missile Squadron was activated at Otis Air Force Base on 1 March 1959 and became operational with IM-99A (later CIM-10) BOMARC surface to air antiaircraft missiles. It stood alert during the Cold War. In September 1962, it upgraded to the IM-99B. The squadron was tied into a Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) direction center which used digital computers to process information from ground radars, picket ships and airborne aircraft to accelerate the display of tracking data at the direction center to quickly direct the missile site to engage hostile aircraft. It became non operational on 1 April 1972 and was inactivated on 30 April 1972.
The BOMARC missile site was located north-northwest of Otis AFB at . Although located outside of the base (but within the borders of the Massachusetts Military Reservation, it was treated as an off base facility and the squadron received administrative and logistical support from Otis.
In 1985, the squadron was consolidated with the 26th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, but has never been active with this designation.